The Economics of Everyday Things 105. Light Bulbs
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Sep 8, 2025 Discover the fascinating history behind the world's longest-burning light bulb, illuminating questions about consumerism. Explore the evolution of lighting, from candles to electric bulbs, and the controversies of the Phoebus Cartel that manipulated bulb longevity for profit. Learn about advancements in technology, from incandescent bulbs to energy-efficient LEDs, and the collaborative efforts that made this transition possible. Lastly, ponder the contrast between flame and electric lighting in everyday life.
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The 124-Year Centennial Light
- The Centennial Light in Livermore has burned almost continuously for 124 years despite giving off very little light today.
- Its survival prompts the question of why modern bulbs last far less time than that early example.
Edison As System Builder
- Thomas Edison iterated thousands of filament experiments before patenting his carbon-filament bulb in 1880.
- He also designed distribution systems, which made electric lighting practical for widespread household use.
When Durability Undermines Sales
- By the 1920s manufacturers prized longevity as a selling point but also feared it would reduce repeat purchases.
- The Phoebus Cartel later standardized shorter lifespans to boost sales, showing firms can trade durability for profit.
