Simon Critchley, a Professor of philosophy at the New School for Social Research and author of "On Mysticism, The Experience of Ecstasy," dives into the intriguing intersection of mysticism and modern philosophy. He critiques the skepticism surrounding mysticism in academia and discusses how contemporary philosophy can benefit from mystical experiences. The conversation also touches on the emotional landscapes of music, particularly the transformative impact of the German band Can, and advocates for a deeper, humble engagement with spirituality.
Mysticism, often overlooked by modern philosophers, represents a vital aspect of human spirituality that transcends organized religion.
Critchley advocates for viewing mysticism as practical lived experiences, urging a re-engagement with spiritual practices to enrich philosophical understanding.
Deep dives
The Nature of Mysticism
Mysticism is often considered a crucial aspect of religious experience but is notably distinct from organized religion. It represents a tendency within various religions that emphasizes direct personal encounters with the divine, often through intense and transformative experiences. Simon Critchley highlights that mysticism has existed throughout human history across all cultures, suggesting its fundamental role in human spirituality. The term itself has evolved, often misunderstood or relegated to subcategories within religious contexts, yet it profoundly shapes the understanding of spirituality.
Historic Skepticism Towards Mysticism
The post-Enlightenment shift in philosophy has created a pervasive skepticism towards mystical experiences, particularly following the influence of figures like Martin Luther and Immanuel Kant. Luther emphasized that knowledge of God is only attainable through scripture and faith, fostering a distrust of experiential and mediated forms of religion. This skepticism was compounded by Kant, who framed philosophy as a rational discipline that actively resists mysticism, favoring critical thought over emotional or ecstatic experiences. Such historical perspectives have led to a narrow view of philosophy, disconnecting it from the rich interplay between the divine and mystical experiences central to ancient and medieval thought.
The Shift of Mysticism into Aesthetic Experience
As religious frameworks began to dissolve into modernity, mysticism transitioned into a strong cultural force characterized as aesthetic rather than religious, influencing artists and poets. This shift allowed experiences once embedded in religious rituals to be expressed through art, finding new meaning in encounters with beauty and the sublime. Figures such as Wordsworth and Emerson exemplify how mystical experiences inform artistic expression, bridging the gap between the sacred and the aesthetic. However, this transition has also rendered the mystical aspects marginal relative to societal priorities, overshadowed by economic interests and consumerism.
The Practical Aspects of Mystical Experience
Critchley argues that mysticism should not be viewed merely as abstract theory, but rather as a set of practical, lived experiences, similar to how medieval mystics engaged deeply with their spiritual practices. He emphasizes the importance of 'doing' in mysticism, advocating for a renewed focus on practices like attentive reading and contemplation, which allow individuals to transcend their personal narratives. Understanding mysticism as a practical framework encourages an open-minded, empathetic approach to spirituality, moving beyond a rigidly critical philosophical framework. Moreover, drawing on historical figures within philosophy, he suggests that this engagement can lead to deeper connections to the divine and a more enriching philosophical practice.
Mysticism is a phenomenon commonly associated with religion and the kind of experience that bypasses the rational, critical mind - which is probably why modern philosophers have tended to treat it with suspicion. But this week we're asking if contemporary philosophy can learn something from the mystics.
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