Stanford Graduate School of Business Professor Michele Gelfand discusses tight and loose cultures, cultural norms impacting Covid fears and populist leaders, and her interdisciplinary work. She shares insights on passion, setbacks, and even dressing up as a pickle.
Cultural norms shape tight and loose societies, affecting coordination and adaptability.
Tight cultures prioritize order and coordination, while loose cultures value creativity and adaptability.
Threat perception influences cultural tightness, with historical conflicts and diversity impacting social norms.
Deep dives
Tight versus loose cultures
Michelle Gelfand discusses her research on the differences between tight and loose cultures. Tight cultures have strict adherence to social norms, while loose cultures have more permissiveness. She explains how social norms help with coordination and predictability, and how some cultures prioritize order while others prioritize openness.
The impact of tight and loose cultures
Gelfand highlights the trade-offs associated with tight and loose cultures. Tight cultures tend to have more coordination, less crime, and less obesity, but may struggle with creativity and adaptability. Loose cultures, on the other hand, tend to be more tolerant, creative, and adaptable, but may have challenges with coordination and self-regulation.
The influence of threat on cultural tightness
Gelfand explores the relationship between threat and cultural tightness. She explains that cultures with higher perceived threats may evolve to have stronger adherence to social norms for coordination and survival. Factors such as historical conflicts, natural disasters, population density, and diversity can impact the degree of tightness in a culture.
Tightness and loose as a predictor of behavior
Gelfand discusses how the concept of tightness and loose can be extended to various levels of analysis, including individual mindsets and different organizational domains. She also emphasizes the importance of understanding the context-specific nature of tightness and loose, as different cultures and subcultures within a country can exhibit variations in adherence to social norms.
Maintaining passion and celebrating wins
Gelfand shares advice given by her mentor, Harry Triandis, to be passionate about what you do, not be afraid to be controversial, and not take yourself too seriously. She emphasizes the importance of celebrating wins and finding joy in one's career, even in the face of rejection or setbacks.
Eric chats with Michele Gelfand, Professor of Organizational Behavior at the Stanford Graduate School of Business. Michele’s culture lab studies the strength of cultural norms, negotiation, conflict, revenge, forgiveness, and diversity, drawing on many different disciplines. Michele is world-renowned for her work on how some cultures have stronger enforcement of norms (tight cultures), while others are more tolerant of deviations from the norm (loose cultures). She is the author of Rule Makers, Rule Breakers.
In this chat, Eric and Michele discuss the latest insights into loose and tight cultures, what academic disciplines are tight versus loose, and how this framework explains phenomena as disconnected as Covid fears, the appeal of populist leaders, and why Ernie and Bert have so many disagreements. Michele then shares how she stays so passionate and productive, the barriers she has faced trying to be so interdisciplinary, how she deals with setbacks, and why she sometimes dresses up as a pickle.
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