
New Books Network Moritz Föllmer, "The Quest for Individual Freedom: A Twentieth-Century European History" (Cambridge UP, 2025)
Jan 9, 2026
Moritz Föllmer, an Associate Professor of Modern History at the University of Amsterdam, dives into the evolution of individual freedom in 20th-century Europe. He challenges simplistic narratives about the rise of individuality, arguing for a complex understanding of freedom shaped by wars and social movements. Föllmer discusses the dual nature of work as both a constraint and a source of liberation and examines contemporary issues like right-wing populism's claims to offended freedom. His insights reveal the ongoing struggle for autonomy amid societal constraints.
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Freedom As A Persistent, Contested Quest
- The quest for individual freedom persisted across the 20th century despite wars, state expansion, and moral norms.
- Moritz Föllmer frames freedom as a plural, contested endeavor between ordinary people's claims and ambitious political agendas.
Freedom Defined Against Constraints
- Georg Simmel and Isaiah Berlin help reconceptualize freedom as degrees and as defined against constraints.
- Föllmer expands Berlin's negative/positive distinction to include social, military, and gender constraints.
War Created Paradoxical Freedom For Women
- Wars imposed severe constraints like conscription and compulsory labor but also opened unexpected spaces of opportunity.
- Föllmer quotes a northern Italian farming woman who says, "I did it all on my own," illustrating newfound self-reliance.

