Anne Goldgar, Helen Paul, and Chris Nierstrasz discuss the dominance of the Dutch East India Company in the spice trade, their conflicts with other European countries, the limited trade with China, and the decline of the VOC. They also explore the impact of the Dutch East India Company on foreign trade and South Africa's food and wine production.
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Quick takeaways
The Dutch East India Company, also known as VOC, dominated the spice trade between Asia and Europe for two hundred years, displacing the Portuguese and excluding the British.
The war with Spain resulted in skilled merchants moving to Amsterdam, allowing the Dutch to establish the VOC and develop a stronger presence in global trade.
Deep dives
Importance of Spice Trade and Dutch Dominance
The Dutch had a virtual monopoly on spices in the 17th century, including nutmeg, pepper, cinnamon, and cloves. They also brought tea, coffee, porcelain, and silk to Western Europe, which brought them into conflict with other European countries. They traded in Asia, buying and selling spices and other goods, and were able to dominate the trade due to their control over spice-producing areas.
Lure and Use of Spices
Spices like pepper were important and valuable commodities in Europe, used for cooking, medicinal purposes, and as food preservatives. The Dutch faced challenges in obtaining the spices due to financial constraints in the East, but they managed to raise capital by selling products in Asia and using the money to purchase spices for trade.
Role of War in Shaping Dutch Sea Trade
The Dutch's involvement in wars with Spain and other European countries influenced their attitude towards sea trade. The war with Spain resulted in skilled merchants moving to Amsterdam and gaining more capital and expertise in trading. This economic shift allowed them to establish the Dutch East India Company and develop a stronger presence in global trade.
Formation and Structure of the Dutch East India Company
The Dutch East India Company, also known as VOC, was founded in 1602 after the merging of several smaller East India companies. It was formed as a response to Portuguese attempts to shift spice trading contracts to other partners. The VOC was granted privileges and powers by the Dutch state, including the ability to mint their own coinage, declare and wage wars, and trade directly with Asia. The VOC operated as a joint-stock company, allowing shares to be sold and traded on the Amsterdam stock exchange.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC, known in English as the Dutch East India Company. The VOC dominated the spice trade between Asia and Europe for two hundred years, with the British East India Company a distant second. At its peak, the VOC had a virtual monopoly on nutmeg, mace, cloves and cinnamon, displacing the Portuguese and excluding the British, and were the only European traders allowed access to Japan.
With
Anne Goldgar
Reader in Early Modern European History at King's College London
Chris Nierstrasz
Lecturer in Global History at Erasmus University, Rotterdam, formerly at the University of Warwick
And
Helen Paul
Lecturer in Economics and Economic History at the University of Southampton
Producer: Simon Tillotson.
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