Thomas Aquinas on Peace: Part Two | Fr. Cajetan Cuddy, O.P.
Oct 18, 2024
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Fr. Cajetan Cuddy, O.P., a Dominican priest and expert on the Thomist Tradition, dives deep into Thomas Aquinas's views on peace and war. He explores the intertwining paths of human desires for goodness and the conflicts that arise from them. Cuddy highlights Aquinas's moral perspective, emphasizing peace as a state achieved when rational beings align with their true good. The discussion also reveals how conflicting desires can disrupt individual and societal harmony, shedding light on the philosophical essence of true peace.
Peace is fundamentally associated with the goodness present within reality, emphasizing that conflict arises from its absence rather than mere actions.
Aquinas's framework of just war highlights that restoring peace is essential, as all beings inherently strive for their own goodness within a divine order.
Deep dives
The Nature of Peace and War
Peace is inherently linked to goodness, according to philosophical principles that define being and its aspirations. War often arises from a privation or lack of peace, not merely as a set of actions but as a deeper conflict born from the absence of that which is fundamentally good. The concept of peace is intricately connected to the ordered nature of reality, which begins with God, extending through all beings, from rational creatures to even subatomic particles. Understanding war requires an appreciation of the intrinsic inclinations of beings to seek the good, highlighting the complex dynamics that underlie conflicts among individuals and nations.
Aquinas’s Concept of Just War
Aquinas presents a unique framework for understanding just war, emphasizing that it is not merely based on human-made rules but is grounded in the order of reality itself, which is ultimately directed towards goodness and peace. He argues that every being, regardless of its complexity, strives towards its own goodness and thus finds its participation in peace through a divine framework. This notion implies that actions taken in a state of war should always aim toward restoring peace, reflecting the deeper teleological motives of rational beings. The essence of just war for Aquinas is therefore intertwined with the pursuit of peace and understanding the fundamental principles of being.
The Order and Harmony of Being
Aquinas identifies peace as the tranquility arising from an orderly arrangement among beings, where distinct entities exist within their own boundaries while harmonizing with one another towards a common good. This perspective highlights that individuality is essential for the realization of order, as true peace cannot exist without the recognition of distinct natures and their roles in the wider cosmic framework. Each being contributes to the overall harmony by fulfilling its nature, reinforcing the idea that differences among creatures do not inherently disrupt peace but rather can contribute to a more profound unity. This reflects a deeper metaphysical understanding of peace as a relational quality that aligns all beings towards their ultimate good in the divine order.
Divine Peace as the Source of Unity
The concept of divine peace serves as a unifying principle, instilling order among all beings and providing a framework for understanding their common end in God. Aquinas argues that all entities, regardless of their nature, inherently desire this divine peace as their ultimate goal, which is reflected in their existence and operations. This divine peace overflows into creation, allowing beings with lesser capacities to partake in it to varying degrees, indicative of their own limitations within the broader cosmic order. As such, peace is not a static state but a dynamic participation in the divine essence, with rational beings uniquely equipped to recognize and respond to this peace through their intellect and will.