Episode #345: Does any and all engagement with the junta equate to some form of complicity? Moe Thuzar of ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute challenges this notion by offering a nuanced perspective on ASEAN’s role in the Myanmar crisis following the 2021 coup. She argues that ASEAN’s diplomacy aims to exert influence and advocate for the Myanmar people’s aspirations.
Moe Thuzar begins by explaining that there are “multiple Myanmars” beyond Naypyidaw: “in the peri-urban and central areas, the delta, the periphery. And now the resistances.” Providing further nuance, she notes how for many, “ethnic armed organizations represent the aspirations of different communities and people in Myanmar broadly for change." Taking all this into consideration, she emphasizes the need for an “inside-out” approach that prioritizes the needs of these diverse communities, while challenging the atrocities committed by the SAC; a principle, she argues, that is increasingly reflected in ASEAN’s Myanmar strategy.
Addressing ASEAN’s “non-interference” principle, Moe Thuzar contends that “with Myanmar as an ASEAN Member since 1997, I would even go so far as to say that Myanmar has been the most interfered with under the ASEAN framework.” She suggests reframing this term as “non-indifference,” which better reflects ASEAN’s concern for regional stability. She then goes into detail on ASEAN’s evolving engagement through the different chairs since the coup (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, and looking to Malaysia in 2025), and also describes the varying approaches and the challenges in implementing the Five-Point Consensus. While initial engagement with the junta faced criticism for potential legitimization, Jakarta’s chairmanship shifted towards broader stakeholder engagement. Yet Moe Thuzar understands the complexity of geopolitical concerns, and speaks of the need for a long-term, multi-year ASEAN strategy for continuity and effective coordination to ensure the end of violence.
The question lingers: can this regional endeavor untangle the Myanmar crisis? Drawing on ASEAN’s past diplomatic strategies, Moe Thuzar remains cautiously optimistic; yet only time will tell.