Catalyst with Shayle Kann
The geopolitics of rare earth elements
Apr 24, 2025
Ahmad Ghahreman, co-founder and CEO of Cyclic Materials, dives into the critical world of rare earth elements (REEs) that are essential for tech and renewable energy. He discusses China's overwhelming grip on the global REE supply chain and explores the ramifications of recent export controls. Ahmad offers insights into how recycling can create a more sustainable alternative and predicts a future where a robust, non-China reliant supply chain could flourish. The conversation unpacks challenges, opportunities, and the importance of innovation in this vital industry.
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Quick takeaways
- China's control over 90% of rare earth processing highlights significant geopolitical leverage critical for industries like EVs and defense.
- Developing local recycling capabilities represents a promising pathway to reduce reliance on Chinese supply chains and improve resource sustainability.
Deep dives
China's Dominance in Rare Earth Elements
China has established a dominant position in the rare earth elements market over the past three decades by controlling the entire supply chain from mining to magnet manufacturing. Currently, approximately 63% of rare earth mining occurs in China, and an overwhelming 90% of the processing and refining stages also take place there. This significant control over rare earth production allows China to influence global markets, given that rare earth elements are critical not just for electric vehicles, but also for defense and various technologies. The strategic importance of these materials implies that China's monopoly could have substantial ramifications for countries that rely on these resources.
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