The Courage of Sir Bill Browder | Secrets of Statecraft | Andrew Roberts | Hoover Institution
Oct 23, 2024
auto_awesome
Bill Browder, a financier and political activist, shares his harrowing journey of confronting corruption in Russia after the murder of his lawyer, Sergei Magnitsky. He discusses the creation of the Magnitsky Act, aimed at combating human rights abuses. The episode sheds light on the misuse of Interpol by authoritarian regimes and examines historical ties between military conflicts and rising approval ratings for leaders. Browder also reflects on his efforts to secure the release of those imprisoned for their activism, showcasing resilience in the face of tyranny.
Bill Browder's transformation from a foreign investor in Russia to a principled advocate for human rights exemplifies the impact of personal tragedy on activism.
The enactment of the Magnitsky Act marked a pivotal moment in international law, empowering accountability for human rights abuses linked to corrupt officials.
Deep dives
The Rise of the Hermitage Fund
Bill Browder's journey to becoming the largest foreign investor in Russia began with his unique background as the grandson of a prominent communist leader. After graduating from Stanford Business School in 1989, the same year the Berlin Wall fell, he sought to invest in Eastern Europe, particularly Russia. His breakthrough came when he discovered an incredible opportunity involving the Murmansk Trawler Fleet, where a $2 billion fleet could be acquired for just $2.5 million. This realization inspired him to establish the Hermitage Fund, which grew to manage $4.5 billion, positioning Browder as a significant player in the Russian investment landscape during a time when the oligarchs were at their peak.
Putin's Rise and Browder's Change of Fortune
Initially, Browder found himself in an unexpected alliance with Vladimir Putin, as both were at odds with the powerful Russian oligarchs. This cooperation shifted dramatically after Putin's ascension to power, which began in 1999 and peaked with the arrest of oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky in 2003. Khodorkovsky's imprisonment marked a turning point where the oligarchs began submitting to Putin's authority, agreeing to give him a substantial share of their profits. This change in dynamic prompted Browder's eventual deportation from Russia in 2005, as he became a perceived threat after exposing the corruption involving both the oligarchs and Putin.
The Magnitsky Case and Its Aftermath
After his deportation, Browder's lawyer, Sergei Magnitsky, was arrested and subsequently died in custody following severe torture, leading Browder to seek justice for his death. Magnitsky had uncovered a vast fraud involving the embezzlement of $230 million in tax refunds that were illegally processed after Browder had sold his investments. The rigorous documentation compiled by Magnitsky during his detention became pivotal in demonstrating the extent of human rights abuses occurring under Putin's regime. Browder vowed to honor Magnitsky's legacy by advocating for the passage of the Magnitsky Act, which aimed to impose sanctions on those responsible for human rights violations in Russia.
The Global Impact of the Magnitsky Act
The enactment of the Magnitsky Act in 2012 symbolized a significant shift in how corrupt officials involved in human rights abuses could be held accountable outside of Russia. Working with U.S. senators, Browder successfully lobbied for the law, which bans individuals implicated in such abuses from entering the United States and facilitates asset freezing. This legislation has inspired similar legal measures in 35 countries, marking a growing international response to corruption and state-sponsored violence. Putin's furious reaction to the act demonstrated its global importance and highlighted the challenges faced by dissidents and activists who oppose the regime.