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Russia's Crossroads
- In March 1921, revolutionary Russia faced a crisis similar to February 1917, with worker strikes, military mutinies, and peasant rebellions.
- The economy was in ruins, and the political regime was becoming increasingly despotic.
Party Conflicts
- Internal conflicts arose within the Communist Party regarding how to address the problems facing Soviet Russia.
- These conflicts led to factional disputes, which Lenin saw as a sickness threatening the party and the revolution.
Workers Opposition
- The Workers Opposition criticized the Communist Party's increasing bureaucratization and its control over labor unions.
- They argued for greater worker control over factories and the independence of unions from state control.