In this engaging discussion, Professor Armand D’Angour, a classical scholar from Jesus College, Oxford, explores the legendary tales of the Trojan War. He dives into the iconic characters like Achilles and Helen, raising questions about their existence. The conversation highlights Heinrich Schliemann's archaeological pursuits, the clash between myth and reality, and the enduring legacy of Troy. Furthermore, themes of love, warfare, and divine intervention add depth to the narrative, linking ancient lore to the complexities of history.
Heinrich Schliemann's ambitious excavations in the 19th century aimed to substantiate the historical existence of Troy as described by Homer.
The intertwining of myth and history in the Trojan War stories has shaped cultural identities while perpetuating debates on their authenticity.
Deep dives
Heinrich Schliemann's Quest for Troy
In August 1868, Heinrich Schliemann, a self-made millionaire and passionate believer in the historical validity of the Trojan War, embarked on an expedition to locate the lost city of Troy. Armed with a copy of Homer's Iliad for guidance, he arrived at Hisalik, a site he believed matched the geographical descriptions detailed in the text. Schliemann teamed up with Englishman Frank Calvert, who had already begun excavations, and the two men worked together to unearth evidence of Troy's existence. Schliemann's ambition led him to employ significant resources, employing dynamite and a large workforce, firmly believing that he could unveil the ancient city described by Homer beneath layers of history.
The Treasure of Priam and Schliemann's Claims
In June 1873, Schliemann proclaimed his greatest discovery: a cache of gold and jewels that he claimed to be the Treasure of Priam, the legendary king of Troy. Excavating deeper into the hill, he found a trove of jewelry which he dramatically reported to have belonged to Priam, despite the dubious dating of the items. Schliemann's assertions generated significant public interest, though skepticism surrounded his exploits and the authenticity of his findings. Controversy arose as scholars later dated the treasures to a time much earlier than the Trojan War, leading to doubts about their true origin and authenticity.
The Legacy of the Trojan War
Homer's epic tales of the Trojan War, including the Iliad and the Odyssey, have resonated through the ages, blending mythology with elements of potential historical events. The stories recount significant figures like Achilles and the cunning of Odysseus, providing insight into the human experience and the moral dilemmas they encapsulate. These tales, while often considered fiction, served as a foundation for cultural identity in ancient Greece, establishing heroes whose narratives shaped societal values and behaviors. Scholars and enthusiasts alike debate whether these legendary accounts are rooted in historical battles or purely literary creation, yet the enduring fascination with Troy remains an integral part of Western literature.
Archaeology and the Search for Historical Truth
The development of archaeology in the 18th and 19th centuries led to renewed interest in validating the existence of Troy through empirical evidence rather than purely literary sources. Heinrich Schliemann's aggressive excavation techniques, while destructive, ultimately placed the site on the archaeological map, allowing for future research to uncover layers of habitation and insights into the life of ancient Troy. Subsequent findings indicated that there was indeed a city that suffered destruction around the time attributed to the Trojan War, supporting the notion of a historical basis for the myth. However, the blending of fact and fiction complicates our understanding of the Trojan War's reality, leaving a complex legacy that continues to inspire exploration and debate among historians and archaeologists.
The Trojan War was a time of heroes. From the swift-footed Achilles, and the hot-headed Prince Paris, to the beautiful Queen Helen, and the all-powerful gods, Zeus, Athena, and Aphrodite. In these early days of what we now call Ancient Greece, the story of Troy was already a saga from a bygone age, re-imagined by Homer, and told around the world ever since.
But was any of it true? Did those legendary heroes ever exist? How did Helen’s beauty launch a thousand ships? And could the Greeks really have breached the city walls by hiding inside a giant wooden horse?
This is a Short History Of The Trojan War.
A Noiser Production, written by Jo Furniss. With thanks to Professor Armand D’Angour, a classical scholar at Jesus College, Oxford, and presenter of the podcast It’s All Greek (And Latin) To Me.
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