Ismar Volić, "Making Democracy Count: How Mathematics Improves Voting, Electoral Maps, and Representation" (Princeton UP, 2024)
Feb 1, 2024
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Ismar Volić, an expert in mathematics and democracy, discusses how mathematics can improve voting, electoral maps, and representation. He explores the flaws of the current winner take all system and introduces different voting methods. Volić also tackles issues with apportionment, rounding error, gerrymandering, and the electoral college. He provides recommendations for improving American democracy through mathematics, including instant runoff voting, eliminating the electoral college, and promoting political quantitative literacy in schools.
Mathematics is essential for improving various aspects of democracy, including voting methods, apportionment of seats, and addressing issues like gerrymandering and the Electoral College system.
Alternative voting methods like ranked-choice voting can provide a more accurate representation of voters' preferences and overcome the limitations of the plurality voting system, such as vote splitting and discouragement of diverse opinions and third parties.
Deep dives
The importance of mathematics in improving democracy
Ismar Vollage, author of the book 'Making Democracy Count: How Mathematics Improves Voting, Electoral Maps, and Representation,' discusses the intersection of mathematics and democracy. Vollage highlights the significance of mathematics in addressing social issues and enhancing democracy. He emphasizes the need for a quantitative approach in improving various aspects of democracy, including voting methods, apportionment of seats, gerrymandering, and the electoral college system. Vollage suggests implementing ranked choice voting, multi-member districts, and an alternative apportionment method. He also stresses the importance of political quantitative literacy and its integration into the education system.
Flaws in voting systems and the need for change
Vollage critiques the flaws in the current voting system, particularly plurality voting or winner-takes-all, where voters can only choose one candidate. He explains that this system fails to gather enough information from voters and often leads to candidates winning without a majority of votes. Vollage highlights the negative implications of plurality voting, such as vote splitting, the spoiler effect, and the discouragement of diverse opinions and third parties. He introduces alternative voting methods like instant runoff voting, where voters rank multiple candidates, allowing for a more accurate representation of the will of the people.
Improving representation through apportionment
Vollage explores the issue of apportionment, particularly in the context of the House of Representatives seats. He highlights the challenges in rounding fractional values when allocating seats to states based on population. Vollage suggests using an alternative apportionment method, such as the Webster method, which can address the inequities in the current system. He also advocates for increasing the size of the House of Representatives to better reflect the population and improve proportional representation.
Challenges of gerrymandering and the role of mathematics
Vollage discusses the problem of gerrymandering, where districts are drawn to secure favorable outcomes for specific parties or candidates. He explains how sophisticated mathematical techniques have been used to manipulate district boundaries, resulting in non-competitive elections and a lack of representation for millions of people. Vollage highlights the importance of independent redistricting commissions to combat gerrymandering. He also emphasizes the role of mathematicians in advocating against the misuse of mathematics and participating in legal cases related to gerrymandering.
What's the best way to determine what most voters want when multiple candidates are running? What's the fairest way to allocate legislative seats to different constituencies? What's the least distorted way to draw voting districts? Not the way we do things now. Democracy is mathematical to its very foundations. Yet most of the methods in use are a historical grab bag of the shortsighted, the cynical, the innumerate, and the outright discriminatory. Making Democracy Count: How Mathematics Improves Voting, Electoral Maps, and Representation(Princeton UP, 2024) sheds new light on our electoral systems, revealing how a deeper understanding of their mathematics is the key to creating civic infrastructure that works for everyone.
In this timely guide, Ismar Volic empowers us to use mathematical thinking as an objective, nonpartisan framework that rises above the noise and rancor of today's divided public square. Examining our representative democracy using powerful clarifying concepts, Volic shows why our current voting system stifles political diversity, why the size of the House of Representatives contributes to its paralysis, why gerrymandering is a sinister instrument that entrenches partisanship and disenfranchisement, why the Electoral College must be rethought, and what can work better and why. Volic also discusses the legal and constitutional practicalities involved and proposes a road map for repairing the mathematical structures that undergird representative government.
Making Democracy Count gives us the concrete knowledge and the confidence to advocate for a more just, equitable, and inclusive democracy.