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Rational decision-making falls short when it comes to important life decisions that involve values and meaning beyond immediate pleasure or pain. The economist toolkit of cost-benefit analysis and maximizing utility may not be applicable in these situations.
Decisions like marriage, having children, and choosing a career cannot be reduced to simple calculations and expected outcomes. They involve deep and abiding satisfactions, meaning, personal growth, and the shaping of one's identity.
Given the limitations of cost-benefit analysis and the complexity of big decisions, individuals are encouraged to think about who they want to become and what they truly care about. Although there is no right or best decision, reflecting on values, exploring different perspectives, seeking therapy or religion, meditating, and reading great literature can help inform one's decision-making process.
Making irreversible decisions can be daunting and uncertain, but it should not be seen as a mistake or something to be ashamed of. Recognizing the desire for certainty and understanding that uncertainty is inevitable is an important step. Settling for good options instead of constantly seeking the best can also alleviate the pressure. Examples like Bill Belichick's approach to player selection and the importance of self-sufficiency in elite sports highlight the benefits of embracing uncertainty and making decisions without the fear of potential regret.
The anticipation effect and the fading affect bias play crucial roles in decision-making. Anticipating future enjoyment or pleasure from an upcoming event can offset the anxiety and uncertainty surrounding big decisions. On the other hand, pain tends to fade faster in our memories than pleasure, making short-term discomfort often worthwhile for long-term benefits. Understanding these psychological processes can help individuals navigate uncertainty and make decisions that maximize enjoyment and fulfillment in life.
Russ Roberts is an economist, a research fellow at Stanford University, an author and a podcaster.
Economics promised us a model which works for all of life's decisions. From what to buy for lunch to investing in a company. But when you're faced with decisions like where to live, how many children to have, whether to get married or what sort of person you want to be, it falls short. Thankfully Russ has a new toolkit.
Expect to learn why Charles Darwin made a checklist before marriage which said his wife was slightly better than a dog, why the decision about whether to have children is so difficult to predict, whether rationality is totally incompatible with the decisions that define us, why happiness is overrated as an optimising function, whether tradition is any use and much more...
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