On Point | Podcast

Why American farmers rely on unauthorized workers

Jul 8, 2025
Steve Obert, a fifth-generation dairy farmer and Executive Director of Indiana Dairy Producers, discusses the agricultural labor crisis fueled by reliance on unauthorized workers. Daniel Costa, an expert in immigration law and policy, joins him to explore the significant dependence of U.S. agriculture on undocumented labor, revealing that over 40% of farm hands lack legal status. They examine historical policies, the pressing need for reform, and how wage increases for farm workers could minimally impact grocery prices, all while grappling with complex immigration dynamics.
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ANECDOTE

Idaho Farmer's Labor Struggle

  • Idaho potato farmer Andrew Mickelson hires many undocumented workers due to lack of local applicants.
  • He offers $17/hr, far above minimum wage, yet struggles to find legal local labor.
ANECDOTE

Indiana Dairy Farm Labor Reality

  • Indiana dairy farmer Steve Obert relies on about 14 non-family employees, mostly immigrants.
  • Local residents rarely apply as farm work is physically demanding and wages compete with low unemployment.
INSIGHT

Why Agriculture Relies on Immigrants

  • U.S. agriculture overwhelmingly depends on low-paid immigrant labor due to difficult job conditions.
  • Seasonal and location-specific needs limit local labor pool availability despite low unemployment.
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