The Background of Liberation Theology

Liberation theology emerged in Latin America in response to the Cuban Revolution, where Fidel Castro overthrew a dictator and became a popular figure. The revolution, which defied American interference, served as a beacon for anti-American sentiment and spurred on Marxist guerrilla movements in several Latin American countries. American interference in Latin American affairs and the fear of communist influence led to the establishment of military dictatorships backed by the United States. The rising generation of Latin American bishops and theologians recognized the need for change as the church faced declining influence. Influences from Europe, such as the New Valle theologians and progressive Protestant theologians, shaped their ideas. The Second Vatican Council, with its emphasis on engaging with the modern world, also played a role. Additional influences include French philosopher Jacques Marx-Tan and the beginnings of the base communities, which were grassroots groups within the church formed in response to poverty and social inequality in rural areas. These various factors laid the foundation for the development of liberation theology in Latin America.