1. In Finland, becoming a teacher is highly competitive and depends on high grade point averages. The education system places a high value on well-qualified teachers.
2. High-quality textbooks are a common theme in many countries, including Finland and Asian countries. However, media portrayals of Finland often don't accurately reflect the use of textbooks in their education system.
3. China focuses on covering material in depth, spending more time on each topic for better understanding and practice. In contrast, Canada has a fast-paced approach to covering various topics with less depth.
4. East Asian countries prioritize conceptual understanding over memorization, allowing students to excel in other fields later in life. They achieve fluency with basic skills early on.
5. In Singapore, low socioeconomic status students perform well in math despite limited access to tutoring due to the cost. The education systems in Japan, Singapore, and Shanghai rely heavily on outside tutoring, creating a shadow education system.
6. Equity in education can be measured in two ways: the correlation between students' background and their achievement, and the proportion of students who reach baseline levels. Singapore excels in both aspects, achieving high levels of basic numeracy for the majority of its population.