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Poor students can't afford tutoring in Singapore, yet they do well in math.
The education systems in Japan, Singapore, and Shanghai involve a lot of outside tutoring, creating a shadow education system. In Singapore, students attend after-school tutoring to prepare for a major test that determines their high school admission. However, affordability becomes a factor. Students with low socioeconomic status in Singapore perform well on the PISA test despite not having the same access to tutoring due to the cost.