This chapter explores the relationship between motivation and IQ in children, using an example of incentivizing kids with M&M's to improve their scores. It discusses the importance of conscientiousness, grit, and self-control in achieving better outcomes in school. The chapter also examines the impact of motivation techniques in classrooms, genetics versus the ability to change, and the positive effects of teaching kids about habits and conscientiousness.
Paul Tough, author of How Children Succeed, talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about why children succeed and fail in school and beyond school. He argues that conscientiousness--a mixture of self-control and determination--can be a more important measure of academic and professional success than cognitive ability. He also discusses innovative techniques that schools, individuals, and non-profits are using to inspire young people in distressed neighborhoods. The conversation closes with the implications for public policy in fighting poverty.