i am an un ase advocate for, and, i guess, defender of the mush maligned lecture. When we think about teaching from a pragmatic perspective, a good lecture can be a really useful way of helping people learn. And plus, it also is pragmatic from the subpective of its being efficient. We've all learned a lot from watching ted talks and david amfor documentaries,. which are basically lectures, but they've just done very, very well with good communication skills.