This chapter examines the integrity issues in scientific publishing, detailing the consequences of errors and unethical practices like those perpetrated by 'paper mills.' It calls for urgent reforms to the academic publishing system to combat these challenges.
A record 10,000 research papers were retracted in 2023. In this episode from February 2024, Ian Sample speaks to Ivan Oransky, whose organisation Retraction Watch has been monitoring the growing numbers of retractions for more than a decade, and hears from blogger Sholto David, who made headlines this year when he spotted mistakes in research from a leading US cancer institute. Help support our independent journalism at
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