Exploring GLP-1 Medications: Affordability and Future Developments

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright answer listener questions from around the world about metabolic health. This mailbag episode explores widely-debated topics like “starvation mode,” weight loss plateaus, the relationship between metabolism and cognitive health, cannabis and metabolism, metabolic effects of liposuction, and the latest on GLP-1 medications.

Key Takeaways:

• Dr. Cooper dispels myths around “starvation mode,” citing research on the long-term metabolic impact of dieting and caloric restriction.
• Weight loss plateaus are often misunderstood—Dr. Cooper explains the natural adaptations behind them and how to assess true progress.
• Metabolic health plays a major role in brain function, cognitive decline, depression, and dementia prevention.
• Cannabis affects metabolic pathways in complex ways, with regular use potentially causing negative metabolic effects.
• Liposuction can trigger metabolic rebound and rapid fat regain for some patients, especially when leptin levels are low.
• Updates on GLP-1 meds: Liraglutide is available in generic form, but costs fluctuate. New oral and combination therapies are on the horizon.

Personal Stories & Practical Advice:

• Andrea and Mark reflect on their own journeys with dieting, weight plateaus, and medication.
• Dr. Cooper shares clinical experiences with metabolic rebound after liposuction and ways to navigate pharmacologic treatments.

Correction: Lilly has a lower cash pay for Medicare and Medicaid, but Novo Nordisk is not yet.

References related to diet-induced metabolic adaptation, also called biological adaptation and defense of body weight.

1. Keys, A., Brozek, J., Henschel, A., Mickelsen, O., & Taylor, H. L. (1950). The Biology of Human Starvation. University of Minnesota Press.

2. Dulloo, A. G. (2021). Physiology of weight regain: Lessons from the classic Minnesota Starvation Experiment on human body composition regulation. Obesity Reviews, 22, e13189.

3. Müller, M. J., & Bosy-Westphal, A. (2013). Adaptive thermogenesis with weight loss in humans. Obesity, 21(2), 218-228.

4. Rosenbaum, M., & Leibel, R. L. (2010). Adaptive thermogenesis in humans. International Journal of Obesity, 34(S1), S47-S55.

5. Fothergill, E., Guo, J., Howard, L., Kerns, J. C., Knuth, N. D., Brychta, R., ... & Hall, K. D. (2016). Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after "The Biggest Loser" competition. Obesity, 24(8), 1612-1619.

6. Johanssen, D. L., Knuth, N. D., Huizenga, R., Rood, J., Ravussin, E., & Hall, K. D. (2012). Metabolic slowing with massive weight loss despite preservation of fat-free mass. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 97(7), 2489-2496.

7. Sumithran, P., Prendergast, L. A., Delbridge, E., Purcell, K., Shulkes, A., Kriketos, A., & Proietto, J. (2011). Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss. New England Journal of Medicine, 365(17), 1597-1604.

8. MacLean, P. S., Bergouignan, A., Cornier, M. A., & Jackman, M. R. (2011). Biology's response to dieting: the impetus for weight regain. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 301(3), R581-R600

Resources:

• Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedIn.
• Connect with Mark Wright on LinkedIn.
• Connect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram.

Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go and stay away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.

If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, email us at info@diabesityinstitute.org or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.

Fat Science is supported by the non-profit Diabesity Institute which is on a mission to increase access to effective, science-based medical care for those suffering from or at risk for diabesity. https://diabesityresearchfoundation.org/