France's Evolving NATO and EU Stance

This chapter examines France's historical skepticism towards NATO and EU expansion, alongside its recent reassessment under President Macron in light of the Ukraine conflict. It highlights the debate over security guarantees for Ukraine's potential membership and the skepticism of Eastern European nations regarding France's commitment to European sovereignty. Additionally, the chapter touches on the complexities of EU membership negotiations for aspiring nations and the need for new approaches to geopolitical challenges.