Marian Pascal looked into the existing scientific literature on the two subtypes of narcissism grandiose And vulnerable. She found that none of these scales Really got to the insecurity stuff they were looking for. One reason is because psychopaths don't feel insecure and Narcissists generally don't know themselves that well. There's a gap in these measures for motivation and for how one would behave in the real world when engaging in things that might Reveal those vulnerabilities Might exacerbate those insecurities, she says.

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