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The Alar Scare of 1989
Alar is a chemical that was sprayed on apples to regulate their growth and improve their appearance. Alar scare began with press stories that the chemical, when consumed in gigantic doses, caused cancerous tumors in rats and mice. The alar tale illustrates a basic limitation in the ability of our mind to deal with small risks. We either ignore them altogether or give them far too much weight, nothing in between.