German Protestantism and Catholicism: From Theology to Culture

The chapter explores how German Protestantism and Catholicism shifted their focus from theology to culture during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It discusses influential figures and movements that emerged from Germany, such as Marx, Engels, and the Frankfurt school, as well as the impact of liberal Catholicism. The chapter also delves into the origins of biblical criticism and its influence on Christianity, as well as its spread to American institutions and churches.