Biomedical engineer Jeff Karp’s famous lab has created medical tape inspired by spider webs, waterproof adhesive bandages that take inspiration from geckos, needles reminiscent of porcupine quills. But as an elementary school student, Karp told me on the “First Opinion Podcast,” he struggled. His second-grade teacher wanted to hold him back a year. “I was getting all these labels from teachers like ‘lazy’ and ‘lost cause,’ ” he said.

But according to Karp, what made him struggle — undiagnosed ADHD — also became his “super power,” giving him an ability to hyper-focus, connect emotionally in different ways, and think creatively. Now, he emphasizes the importance of neurodiversity and interdisciplinary approaches in his own lab, and he also tries to talk to students and parents about how ADHD can be a strength.