Is There a Relationship Between Counterfactual Thinking and Rumination?

Counterfactual thinking does not, by its very nature, have to be bad or disruptive. People can ruminate over all kinds of things, not just counterfactuals. We go through experiences and then we're trying to take the lessons from those experiences. But the problem is that if those experiences don't match up against our expectations, then we're in a kind of loop where we realize that we maybe have learned a hard lesson but it feels very bad.