Capital Plus Variable Capital - The Rate of Surplus Value

Capital is equal to constant plus variable capital, which is represented by the equation big c. Capital must actually be greater than the sum required to make it, or to produce it,. So where does this extra sum come from? Willy says that this is the surplus value. This is the extra that you are able to get out of the humans working for you That is going to make you more money. If we were to subtract that new sum, that sum that is sold to earn a profit, from what is just required to cover all the costs.