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How to Switch Completely Between Fields
There are maybe like two things I want to disentangle and uh yeah maybe the first thing here is just to like really take your point which is that undergraduates overestimate how big path dependency or sunk cost is. People aren't realizing some people should PhDs but shouldn't see it as a big cost they should see the time is very important. A lot of people don't realize just how sort of young and shallow the field is and therefore how quick one can get to the frontier potentially. It's scary to enter a new field where you know or you feel like you know like literally like nothing in it all and have to start from complete scratch especially if you don't have external support