What Is Consequence in Nature?

In the fifth way he only cites a particular class of things, where we see that some things that lack cognition, namely natural bodies, work for a goal. So his aim is to help us focus on how certain things engage in purposeful activity and help us see that this implies their subjection to a divine governor. He doesn't deny the existence of chance, but he thinks chance itself requires tendencies and things. Without tendencies and things there wouldn't be any such thing as natural science. If acid was likely to turn litmus paper blue as red then the litmus test would be no test at all.