It looks it looks like an unimpregnable fortress. But even that was not enough to to hold the Japanese back. After a few days of fighting in the in the suburbs of Nanjing, the Japanese were able to penetrate the wall and spread spread into the city and and take the city within just a few hours of battle. Basically, basically the Chinese army that was prepared inside the city simply simply disappeared into the surrounding countryside or across the Yangtze river, which which flows by by Nanjing. So it was again a complete triumph for the Japanese army similar to the the victory in Shanghai a month earlier. Then what happened after that was complete chaos. The Japanese officers lost control of the troops, which decided on on on their own initiative to fan out into the streets and and carry out looting and raping and random violence. At the same time, in a parallel development, the Japanese army also started rounding up whatever former Chinese soldiers that could they could find. Eventually, just pretty much catching everyone of of military age. Every every Chinese male of military age, whether he was in uniform or not, running them up in big groups and then basically beginning to kill them in a systematic manner. One of the ways they did was that was to try them up in big clusters and dragged them down to the banks of the Yangtze and machine gun them, kicking the the bodies into into the into the river. And in that way, tens of thousands of of Chinese were killed in the first days of the the Japanese occupation. So this was this was how the the what was later known as as the rape of Nanjing unfolded. On the one hand, this systematic killing of of Chinese pure W's or suspected pure W's and at the same time, this more or less, you could say more uncoordinated. These are uncoordinated atrocities, the looting and the rape of the of the Chinese civilian population carried out by by small gangs of Japanese soldiers who were not under any kind of control by their officers. Hello, everybody. This is Marshall Poe. I'm the editor of the Dubux Network. I'm here at the NBN. We use an account called WISE and I'd like to encourage you to check it out. It's an account that helps you manage your money all around the world. So if you're dining in dollars, doing business in bot, the WISE account helps you send spend and receive in different currencies very fast. WISE is the easy way to connect all your finances internationally, freelancing in France, no problem, sending money back to mom. Simple, without in fees or exchange rate markups. WISE does it all. Join 16 million customers and learn how the WISE account could work for you by downloading the app or visiting wise.com.com. That's wise.com.com.

Welcome to your 2023 work recap. This year, you've been to 127 sync meetings. You spent 56 minutes searching for files and almost missed eight deadlines. Yikes. 2024 can and should sound different. With monday.com, you can work together easily, collaborate and share data, files and updates. So all work happens in one place and everyone's on the same page. Go to monday.com or tap the banner to learn more. Can you describe the course of the second Sino-Japanese War between 1931 and 1937? How did things reach this point? How did the conflict deteriorate to such a nadir as to render the nanying massacre a

reality? The root of the problem was the Japanese ambition of having an empire similar to the empires that the western nations had. The Japanese thought, okay, we need the modernized society and a modernized society at that time and a parliament, a modern army, a modern educational system and also a modern empire. The problem was like most parts of the world had already been taken by that time and the only areas really left for the Japanese if they did want an empire of their own was the Asian mainland and more specifically China on the other side of the ocean. So beginning in the 1920s and early 1930s, the Japanese army sometimes in coordination with Tokyo but very often also simply acting on its own initiative started establishing an empire in what is today, North East China. The three northeastern provinces of modern China were called Manchuria at the time and were occupied within just a few weeks by the Japanese army in 1931-1932 which was kind of like the beginning of of the Sino-Japanese confrontation of the 1930s. What happened in 1931-1932 was not officially war, it was more, well, it was like conflict in a more unofficial sense, but still it was like low intensity conflict that never completely peed it out over the next few years. Like what we saw throughout the 1930s was a constant tension between the Japanese, up in the northeast pushing against the Chinese, pushing further and further south, grabbing more and more land from the Chinese, often unofficially without officially subsof during these territories or turning them into colonists but simply by having a strong military and also commercial presence. So you saw this like constant Japanese push against the Chinese until happening throughout the 1930s, onto 1937 when domestic dissatisfaction with the Chinese regime and its ability to, or inability to harness the Japanese, come and push the Chinese government under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek to really make a stand against the Japanese, which they did in the summer of 1937 in the Beijing area. When a relatively small incident known as the Marco Polo Bridge incident near Beijing, a small armed clash between limited forces of Chinese and Japanese gradually spread and erupted into full-scale war, eventually engulfing not just northern China but all of China, all the way down to Shanghai, where the battle unfolded in the fall of 1937. Can you tell us about the Falstria, Bessil? Why

is it noteworthy?