HEFFF - Is There a Neurohormonal Activation?

There are early animal models of HEFFF and those show that if you experimentally lead to a reduction in cardiac output, this causes an increase in renin and aldosterone. Of course, we also have human data that shows that in HEFFF patients, there is an increase in norepinephrine when you compare these patients with those who don't have heart failure. And as I said earlier, that that sort of connection one to the other to the other leads to the sodium retention. But I'm actually pretty confident that we have got the pathophysiology of HE FFF work out.