Join us as we delve into a provocative theory that reshapes how we view the history of human civilization. Discover the 'One Civilization Theory,' which posits that the vast majority of civilizational achievements stem from a single cultural lineage. Through an engaging discussion, we explore the advancements and contributions of this 'one civilization,' its potential to transform regions it touches, and the comparative historical advancements of different cultures across the globe. This episode promises to challenge mainstream historical narratives and offer a new perspective on our shared cultural ancestry and the factors driving civilizational success.

[00:00:00]

Hello, Simone! This episode is definitely going to go in the best of category for Basecamp, because it is a theory that I came to, which completely transforms how I see the history of humanity, and it is probably the single most offensive theory that we will air on this channel, if it becomes a mainstream theory, It will almost certainly always appear.

Any video that shows it will have a little explanation at the bottom by like the UN or something about how this theory isn't accurate. So historically I had this view that I think most people have is that human civilization. basically emerged in a few different regions, and that you would have these periods of growth where sometimes one region would be ahead.

Other times, another region would be ahead. Totally. Yeah, like, oh, China's the most cutting edge right now. And, and now [00:01:00] it's Japan and now it's, you know, It's, it's Egypt and whatever, yes, totally agree.

This theory posits that that view of history is mostly downstream of what I can only call the deification of the historical narrative. And that. The vast majority of feats of civilization were created by one civilization.

Oh no. And now I'm worried. Yes. Awkward. And it came to me when I was studying ancient Rome and ancient Greece recently, because I've been on a kick watching a number of videos on ancient Rome and Greece, and one thing really hit me as I was studying these periods, whenever Rome would retreat from a region.

And the Roman Empire would fall temporarily in a region that region would fall [00:02:00] back into a period of people essentially fighting over who had the nicest mud hut. Like very little was happening in those regions during that period. And this includes the region that my ancestors were only when we were older.

under Roman colonization during the period of the Roman Empire. Did we really do anything meaningful, civilizationally speaking? Okay. So to be fair, you're not arguing that it's your own ancestors who were somehow superior from a culture. Yes. Not my own ancestors. My ancestors were mud hut people.

For example, I am pretty much British, Irish, Scottish English The British Islands. You might say, well, come on, your ancestors must have produced something. Aren't there any great ruins in ancient British Isles? I was like, well, you know, there's Unga Bunga, like Stonehenge, I wouldn't call that a great ruin.

And they go, come on, there must be some great architecture in the British Isles. And I would say, actually, there is! In the [00:03:00] seventies, eighties, there was this beautiful bath complex built in Bath . And they're like, ah, you've seen the British can do something. I go, well, unfortunately, the Romans built that.

And it was in a, a, a nowhere backwater of the Roman Empire. And Britain didn't build anything comparable for literally thousands of years. This was their equivalent of like a district like sub-district that nobody cared about. But now you might be going through your head. What led me to this thought?

So I was studying the Roman Empire, thinking of all these ruins, and I started thinking, okay, okay, okay. But what about like the other civilizations of Earth during this period, right? Like, I've traveled all over the world. I've been to something, I think it's over a hundred countries. Like done a lot, a lot of travel.

And so I started thinking, okay, what were the other major civilizations? I was like, okay, you have Mesoamerica. Mesoamerica had great ruins, right?

You know, you've got your, your Machu Picchu, for example. Um, and ancient Mayan and Aztec ruins are extremely impressive. Right, [00:04:00] but as anyone broadly knows those ruins are fairly recent like Machu Picchu was built in the 15th century and so but I gave them a i'm like, okay, that doesn't really count.

You know, they got their civilization started later but there's also like india and china In japan, right? Like they're all ancient civilizations and i've i've been to these countries before and I was like, okay, so When I was in japan I must have seen some ruins that had any sort of equivalency to even, like, Roman backwaters in, like, Spain and stuff.

I started thinking about it and I was like, what? Okay. Okay. China. I've, I've seen some hint that there was a civilization there. And then I was like, no. Oh, oh no, no, no, no, no, no, no. I have seen an East Asian ruin impressive at the Roman ruins. There was Angkor Wat and in India there was Hampi. And then I look up the dates of those ruins, the 15th and the 14th century.

Those ruins were built. [00:05:00] Anchor Watt was built when King's College Chapel was being built in Cambridge. In 1446. Like, they were built incredibly recently. And so then I was like, okay, okay, okay, okay, okay, okay. But egypt. I consider Egypt to be the ancestor of Greek civilization.

So it's one line of civilization. The Greeks considered Egypt to be the ancestor of their civilization. Do they really? In Greek literature, they would say, oh, we got our civilization from Egypt. Yeah, they're always borrowing from Egypt. So, basically the, the single line of civilization that I can track goes Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece and Greece really takes over the flame from Egypt, and then Rome takes over the flame from Greece, and then Charlemagne takes over the flame from, , Rome, and then Charlemagne's kingdom splits into the various distinct sort of warring kingdoms that take over the flame from that, and then the flame is taken over by the British Empire and then it's sort of seeded around the world.

But [00:06:00] to get back to the story here, I was like, okay, but works of literature. Right? I have heard about all of these great works of literature by totally disconnected cultures. Like, for example, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Or the Journey to the West. Did you know when these were written? Romance of the Three Kingdoms was written in the 14th century. Journey to the West was written in the 16th century. I was like, okay, well, what about like, Water Martyr, Martyrs, also known as Outlaws of the Marsh, or Dream of the Red Chamber, right?

I've never heard of these. The 14th and the 18th century, respectively. To give you an idea of how late these were written to works of literature that I can clear, consider just like, As somebody who has read translated works of literature, and I'm just like, this one grabs me, these two don't. Dante's mind comedy was, started writing it in 1308, and he finished writing it in 1320.

Hundreds of years before any of these works. How about the Tales of Genji? The Tales of [00:07:00] Genji. That's Japan, and that was I think even written by a woman

the 11th century, Simone. So that was written only 200 years before Dante's Divine Comedy. Did you read the Tale of Gingy? Have you read the Aeneid? Yeah, and, okay, that's a lot better. Okay, so when was the Aeneid written? Yeah, okay, admittedly, way, way, way before the Tale of Genshi. The Aeneid was written in 29 or 19 B. C. The Tales of Genshi were written literally 1, 000 years later, and were literarily less sophisticated and complex.

That's fair, yeah. It's not like it's ancient. Even close. And this is like, when I started having this, I just started going through, I was like, Oh God, this can't be real. And again, I'm not saying that there was like no Japanese civilization, that they didn't produce any art, that there was no Chinese civilization, that there was no Indian civilization.

But what I'm saying is, and you'll actually see this, is that these civilizations advanced [00:08:00] artistically, literarily, at about the speed of my own ancestors, which were the British, until the British met the Romans. And then after the British were fully colonized the British began, like as civilization spread out from Charlemagne again, they began to do some, you know, more sophisticated things.

But what I'm saying is just it's. Civilizationally, along almost every metric, they were dramatically behind the one civilization. Yeah. So there's basically what you're arguing is there is one civilizational lineage that has ever actually kicked ass. It started with Egypt. went through Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, et cetera, and sort of into Europe broadly.

And there's just kind of nothing that competes with it. And, and, and no one has spontaneously figured it out the way that this has. So everyone who is most competitive now is standing on the shoulders of that one giant. There is only one giant. There is only one giant. And every time it, Touches [00:09:00] another region, right?

Usually first they rebel, it leaves, it spins into savagery again, then they come back they, they try to set something up, And by the time they set up any sort of permanent civilizational infrastructure in the region Then that region undergoes a rapid increase in prosperity in the amount of artistic works they're producing, in the amount of industry they're producing, in the amount of science they're producing.

So it's not that it only works for one people. My people can invent this. Insofar as a culture is willing to adopt it and build upon it, they can thrive. Yes. And they can build their own iterations of it, but that no one has independently captured this civilizational dynamo. I guess you can kind of look at how Japan just started killing it after World War II, when it started embracing elements of Western culture and how they took many elements of Western culture, did it so much better.

And then the sort of unique Japanese way. So yeah, like doing jazz on it, like putting your own spin on it and being additive with it can give you a lot of power, but it is definitely [00:10:00] pulling from that one derivative. Yeah. And the other big change that has happened in my understanding of world history is my opinion of the Mesoamerican civilizations has gone up dramatically because of the one civilization theory.

Which is to say that historically, my take on Mesoamerica is Mesoamerica was largely backwards compared to most of the world, but that was only because they got a late start. Yeah, it took people a long time to get down there. Compare. India, China, and Japan and ignored the one civilization to what was happening in Mesoamerica.

Mesoamerica kind of was schooling them at various parts in its history. Fair point. And that was the other thing that really got me when I was thinking of like great ruins I visited and stuff like that. So to give you an idea of what I mean here, Simone, I want you to compare Two ruins. Now keep in mind Roman ruins, you've seen Roman ruins.

You know, most of the Roman ruins you've seen are either a hundred years pre like they're either like [00:11:00] 50 AD or 50 bc, like the Roman bass, right? Were built in 70 AD in the backwater, and also just everything in Rome itself. It is so impressive. I mean, even just. The building material that everything is made of, because, you know, Rome sort of was torn down to create what now is Rome, you know, is impressive.

Just the very building blocks of the city. Yeah, so I'm going to send you some pictures so when I was looking for ruins in Japan that were from around the period of say, which was from the 4th to the 10th century. So, you see Tikal? That's the first picture of Mesoamerican ruins there.

Gorgeous. So, when Tikal was built, that's when Japan was building what is now the Hizmura Temple ruins from the 11th to 12th century BC. So, first of all, you can see it's pretty trivial compared to what they were doing in Mesoamerica at the same time period. Yeah. Not only that, it's trivial compared to, like, Anything Rome ever did in their [00:12:00] history, it's trivial compared to the bath that were built literally , 000 years before.

So wait, what's, what is special about Hiraizumi? It's one of the only old ruins I could find in Japan. It's like one of the oldest buildings or something? Yeah, we'll go over some other buildings in Japan that are older than this, but most of them are just going to look destroyed mud huts or completely reconstructed buildings.

I feel like I visited some really old ones in Kamakura, but maybe We'll go over them. Like, there's a palace complex, but it's fairly small when contrasted with something like Tikal. Yeah, I guess the argument is they're all just very handsome wooden buildings. And your point is that when it comes to monumental architecture or stuff that really shows A level of sophistication.

Yeah. I mean, like these are, these are exquisitely built buildings, but we're still talking Lincoln logs versus like carving stone and achieving Lincoln logs versus like grand huge projects that [00:13:00] require hundreds of thousands of people, cooperation, infrastructure if giant economies so don't get us wrong because we love Japan.

We're, we're, we're, we're big Sinophiles. Okay. Yes. Weebs, as you would say in low culture. But I was disappointed and we'll go over like actual Japanese literature and compare contemporary Japanese literature to, to other literature in different parts of the world. But it's not impressive in comparison.

I'm conceding that. Okay, the next temple series you have here is Chichen Itza in Mexico. This was built in the 6th to 13th century. So again, like, that's actually really impressive for Mesoamerica. That's like Roman level stuff there, where it's like genuinely You unique in, in sort of shocking art. Now we're going to get a hostile environment.

China must've had something in the, in that period. This is the closest major ruin site I could find to like a Roman ruin site in China. [00:14:00] This was built in the 14th century. It's Guan Chang. What about that underground complex with rivers made of mercury? That seemed really impressive. We'll get to that, but that we'll get to that in the art section, because I go over that one in the art section, and it is not as impressive as you'd think.

But when contrasted was what Rome was doing and so, I asked AI this, cause I was like, this cannot be true, all right? So I was like, okay like where are the Roman like ruins in Japan, right? Like, and they're like, well, Japan has some ancient ruins. They're generally not as extensive or monumental.

It's all found in Rome, Angkor or Mesoamerica. However, Japan does have several significant historical sites that offer glimpses into its ancient past. So this is what, what AI came up with. So we had something called Nara, which was built 710. to 784. Nara's beautiful. You want to look up what the Nara ruins look like.

I've been. So consider what you're looking at [00:15:00] here. Like, consider this compared to any Roman ruin site you have ever been to. And we'll do a Yeah, we're still talking Lincoln Logs versus This is 700 years after Rome and it's Lincoln Logs. Yeah, like versus transporting obelisks. It's just This is cute.

Let's take it and move it. Okay,

then you're like, okay, okay, okay. So there's got to be other stuff. Well, this is the

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-1: 1000 at 300.

year old Buddhist temple, the Gongjing temple. So the Gongjing temple, I'm like, okay, okay, that's cool. This is just a building. This is not like a grand complex or anything like that. And it's like, okay. Okay.

Okay. Okay. So here's one. I found one that's 14, 000 to 300 BCE. It's called the Sina Majuri Mayana site. Okay. What about it? What does it look like?

Oh, this is mud huts. Okay, this is like similar to what I'm talking about, like Norwegian mud huts. Like it, it literally, I wouldn't know if this was in, my ancestors had built this in the UK before they met the [00:16:00] Romans or not. You know, like it is, it is mud hut style. And again, we're not just, people can be like, oh, well maybe the ground here wasn't good enough for building, right?

Like maybe it was too many natural disasters. Maybe they only had trees, right? And I'm like, yeah. Then how come nobody else did it? Okay, I can see that explaining Japan alone. Okay, it can't explain Japan, Korea, China, every, Africa, no, but that's not even an excuse because I, the point I was going to make about Mayans and Aztecs, for example, is that they're dealing in incredibly hostile jungle environments where you are fighting An aggressive environment, and they still managed to build a ton.

So I just don't feel like you have that much of a legitimate excuse when it comes to Well, same with the Romans. It's not like the Romans did big architecture when the weather was nice. Well, and they're right by corrosive oceans and waters and stuff. Yeah, mm mm. Pretty much every part of their empire had giant [00:17:00] works in it, whether it was a backwater like Britain or, you know, the, the Antioch, or in their African colonies.

Like, if you go to Tunisia, you can see giant Things like it's it wasn't like a sometimes they did it. Sometimes they didn't thing. So that excuse doesn't really hold So, okay. Now we're gonna go to China because of course China must China China Yes, and China is all about being like we're the OG civilization.

We did all this first. We invented electricity. We invented Aerial combat, it's we're gonna get to the Chinese claims of inventing a bunch of things as well because they were also less That face, that was a cute face. I, look, I don't like this is true. Like I always try to take the most pluralist understanding.

And the only way I can even say this theory is knowing that I come from a mud hut people. Okay? I am only comfortable disseminating this theory or even having these thoughts because my [00:18:00] ancestors had nothing to do with Rome or Greece and they were flinging poo at each other. Whatever. When, when they were gifted civilization through calling, yeah, your ancestors were literally the barbarians that Romans couldn't even bother to hang on to.

Cause they're like, you know what? There's really nothing much. So I'm mostly they literally just like built a wall and keep them out. This was the first wall, build a wall. Build a wall. Yeah. But by the way, by the way, literally

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-2: About a thousand

years before China builds the Great Wall, but we'll get to that in a second.

Speaker: It was heavily restored in both the 1950s and 1980s.

I didn't know that. Not even old bricks. Am I missing something here? So the old stuff's gone, hasn't it, really? And then it doesn't count. It shouldn't be a wonder then. You can't just build something on it and still, get all the tourists in when it's not what it says on the tin. What I'm looking at is basically a wimpy home. Bears in [00:19:00] here? What's this all about though? It's almost like they know that the wall isn't that good. It's like, what else can we give them? We've charged them like seven quid to get in to see an old wall. Well, it's not an old wall, it's from the 1980s. I've got a mate who's got some bears. Have you heard?

Stick them down at the bottom. This is the original wall, isn't it? Or is it? I don't know. Is it just badly done? This is pretty s**t, isn't it?

Are you having a laugh?

This isn't the Great Wall, is it? You kidding me? I mean, I like the way there's no tourists and that.

But then why would there be?

Okay. So the Sunning's two ruins, I was going to do pictures of it, but it's from 4, 800 years ago and it's believed to be the remnants of the Shu Kingdom. It's yielded many bronze artifacts. Basically you just see piles of artifacts and otherwise it's a fairly flat area. There's not even anything really to show you.

Then I have the Yingzhou ruins. So this is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Henan Province. Yingzhou was the ancient capital of [00:20:00] the Shang Dynasty, 16th to 11th century BC. So this was the capital of their entire civilization.

Oh, oh, sweeties. Oh, dear. Hmm. Yeah, it's very much a, oh, sweeties, that is not a civilizational capital. Crap. And I feel like, you know, as we go through this, what you're really gonna get is a It was just so convenient from like an everybody getting along standpoint that we pretended and we kept matching, I think, things that were happening thousands of years later in other parts of the world to things that like the ancient Greeks were doing.

And through not, like, putting dates on them, we were able to, in our head, have this idea that, like, different civilizations were developing sort of parallel to each other, when this just wasn't happening. Yeah, fair point. Yeah, there's just sort of the ancient [00:21:00] Japanese, and the ancient Greeks, and the ancient Chinese, and the, yeah, and the, I never thought about comparing time by time, and, I've never seen a history class do that, which is quite interesting.

So, yeah, well, and it also breaks a lot of the things because people be like, well, you should look at like, you know, why the West is winning for now. That like shows that this is all due to like geography and like accidents. And it's like, yeah, well then explain to me why, when Rome fell, the West went back to a bunch of mud hut people until somebody reignited the torch of civilization, specifically why, why is it that every time Rome left a region like Spain?

Like Spain was able to produce great art when Rome was there. They were able to produce great buildings. They had a great economy. Rome leaves. They go back to mud hut people. It's not like, no, sorry, but it's not, it's not like. Europe, it's not like it was anything special with Europe. Mm-Hmm. In fact, it didn't even start in Europe.

It really started with Egypt and Mesopotamia. Yeah. So I don't think that, like when you look at Mesopotamian ruins, which we'll get to in a second, like some of the very oldest civilizational ruins or [00:22:00] Egyptian ruins, and then you compare it to like capital of China from , it's like they're not even in the same league.

And this is now of thousands of years earlier. Yeah. So now we're gonna go to the Lru Architectural Ruins.

And note, this is an AI being exhaustive for its mate, trying to find all of the best ruins it could to impress me. .

So this is One only dating back 5, 300 years. So, you know, this is like, around when like, a little bit before Dante's Inferno was being written, and, and look at it. Well, based on what you've been saying about findings, it seems that these are people who've been more interested in clothing and accessories, and not so much grand architecture.

Well, apparently they also weren't interested in art, which we'll get to in just a second, but you can see here. The, the, the site, it's just like a flat site, like there's nothing there, it's like a few outlines of previous foundations, and that's it. Yeah, no, this looks like the beginning of a housing development that's [00:23:00] weirdly faced.

I don't know how else to describe it, but that's what I'm getting from this. It gives housing development. Yeah, and people can be like, well, you know, it was all wood or they used more wood and stuff like that. But again, like these Roman things are there, even things that used wood. And that's the really interesting thing.

You can go and look at like one civilizational areas. You can walk around. Their old buildings and in the very old churches and everything like that, you'll see wood, you'll see blah, blah, blah, you know, like you'll see stuff that is supposedly why this other stuff isn't there anymore, right? Yeah, but also I think that you should get points as a civilization for demonstrating long termist thoughts and building to last.

So when, when, when you look at ancient Mayan and Aztec I guess not that ancient, but when you look at that and, and you see these stone artifices and you see what people built, even Stonehenge, you got to admire it more because these are people who [00:24:00] are like, this has to last for thousands of years.

I'm going to build this to last instead of short term thinking. So the, the one thing that the Chinese built that was actually you know, potentially, like, equivalent in impressiveness is the Emperor Jingzong's Mausoleum, which is where the Terracotta Army is. However, the only thing that really makes it impressive is how many terracottic figurines there were.

Nothing else about the site is particularly impressive. The Rivers of Mercury were not impressive to you?

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-3: No, the rivers of mercury thing, we don't know if this is real. It's not like archeologists when they were excavating this area of found rivers of mercury. , a guy writing a hundred years after the tomb was constructed, created a mythologized account that there was these giant rivers of mercury sort of set up in the tomb. , but, , and, and we have detected that there is some mercury in the tomb, but it's not like we found it or anything.

So we don't know. It [00:25:00] could be a myth, could be a fairly modest thing.

I don't know. Like, so, so let me explain to you what I mean, like the terracotta army, like logistically speaking. It may be a lot of people, and we're going to go into the artistic merit of it later, to compare it with the equivalent Greek statues or, or other statues that were made around the same time period.

That, one, it artistically wasn't very sophisticated compared to what was going on in the Mediterranean region at that time period. Again, I'm not Mediterranean And it also was architecturally not particularly like it was something like it was a lot more than the later Chinese stuff. I'll give it like, I mean, the, the statues themselves had unique facial features from around 200 BC as well.

So, you know, pretty impressive. But again, and so now we're going to get to the last major architectural ruin site that it was able to find for me in China. And this was the Jihon Ruins and I will send this to you. Oh, that was the ones that we went over, like the well The housing development.

So, these [00:26:00] ruins in China yeah, they were the ones along the Silk Road, we went over them earlier, just not very impressive. Okay, so then people are like, well, what about the Great Wall? Right?

A great wall. I think other than the terracotta army, that's the one thing in East Asia I may give some credit to, but it was from the 7th century AD.

Well, and also No, sorry, 7th century Compare the To 17th century AD, I'm sorry I didn't make that clear. No, if you compare the Great Wall, which is a wall, I've walked the Great Wall, it is, it's a wall. It's, and it's not that big.

Speaker: This is pretty s**t, isn't it?

Are you having a laugh?

To the Roman aqueducts, they, they built walls that were water. Significantly before the Great Wall.

We'll be looking at it when we go over the Roman stuff. They had heated floors! They had heated floors in bathhouses! I mean, like, there's [00:27:00] It's just, there's no comparison. There's no comparison.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-4: And I remind you that the, , great wall was started 700 years after the Roman aqueducts were built and it wasn't finished until 1700 years after the Roman aqueducts were built. It's just not a comparable thing. Then you have been always talking with a friend about this and they're like, give this, this can't be true.

What about.

The Sui dynasties, grand canal. That was a huge things. And since. It's from a 581 to 618 a. The problem is , it was big. It was big. It wasn't one of the things that AI primary was, and it probably should have been because it's actually fairly impressive. , in terms of, , just this. The sheer size of it. The problem is, is that the sheer size of it? , or the complexity of it, it's pretty, not big compared with the Roman road network.

, again, 500 years before this. And, uh, you know, what they're doing with the canals is they're digging pits. , [00:28:00] and then they are, , lining them and putting various buffers on them so that water can flow through them. , the problem is that the Roman roads, which were much, much, much more extensive, , did the same thing you needed to dig about, , three to five feet down and then put multiple different types of layers of rock and stone down. To create these ultra durable roads, which still exist today.

, so again, civilizationally, we're just talking about a different scale here.

Okay. So. And the people are like, but what about Africa? You can't forget Africa. Africa did some things. What about Great Zimbabwe?

Okay, okay, okay. Let's look at Great Zimbabwe. I'm not familiar with Great Zimbabwe. I'm excited for this. Okay. Ooh, I like the rounded, the rounded towers. It's interesting architecturally but it's not like particularly impressive.

It looks like a No, it looks like a fortification. Yeah, it looks like a fortification, really. But it doesn't Not a particularly large [00:29:00] fortification, I'd say it's about the size of like a starfort. Yeah, if that. It looks pretty small. Yeah, it looks pretty small. And that that's like, that's called Great Zimbabwe.

That's the one thing they got there. It is not particularly impressive. Now, again, people are like, are you saying that there was no great monumental architecture or art produced in Africa? Oh, this is a medieval city. So this is not, this is,

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-5: The city began to construction in the 11th century and it was abandoned in the 15th century. So yeah, she's right. Medieval. , a thousand years after Rome was doing it stuff and it's. Nothing.

Compared to a Roman thing.

I'm like, no, I'm not saying that at all. I can go to Tunisia and see amazing architecture.

The problem is it was built while they were Roman colony. I can, I can, I can go and read great writings from Alexandria. The problem is that that's a descendant of Egypt and a lot of things for Britain during Greek or [00:30:00] Roman colonization. And people are like, What do you mean Greek or Roman colonization?

There's so many great Egyptian figures that aren't from the period of Greek colonization like Cleopatra The Ptolemaic Greek princess. Oh, yeah. Greek lady. That's the other thing about the way that the civilizational system works is it appears to sort of pass the torch on To sort of the next iterator on it.

Yes. Yeah. Yeah I mean you have argued to me many times and i'm obsessed with aegypt in various periods, right? I go through that great courses lecture and i'm like, oh, this is amazing. But You point out quite fairly that they do stagnate. They kind of just, they get really good at just keeping things the same.

And that's why I think your point about passing the torch and the collective iteration upon this one line is meaningful.

I know I'm going to show you the one exception to the one civilization theory. [00:31:00] And this is a few things in extra ancient India, specifically right now for architecture. And we're also going to go into literature because extra ancient India did compete with the one civilization in literature. Okay. It's almost like it almost had a civilizational explosion and then didn't.

So this is the Anjati and Elor caves. Those look amazing. BC. 10th century, second to 10th century BC. Okay, really old. We got it. We got a contender here. Absolutely. It may not compete with most Roman things, but it definitely competes with the Greeks who they were contemporaries of. If you've been to ancient Athens that is impressive.

And we'll keep seeing this in India. The most impressive monuments are often the oldest which is a little weird and we'll go over what might have happened there. It's the same with their literature. If you go to their like BCE literature, and this is sort of going to be a giveaway, you will find a flourishing of literature that definitely competes with the Greek literature of the time [00:32:00] period.

But if you then go 500 years, 10, 000 years in the future and you compare it with what's coming out of the one civilization it's just Like Popol Vuh stuff sorry, I don't mean to be, it's like, this animal did this, and this animal did this, and then there was the, you know, this, and it's like, oh, come on, you guys can do better than this, you guys wrote so many great works 10, 000 years ago, like, what is this?

Yeah, there seems to be absolutely nothing that will prevent a great culture from entering a dark age. If the selective pressures necessary to keep the torch bright aren't there.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-6: I will note though, that the differences between India's great works. , when contrasted with a time gait aid, great works in Europe. In the one civilization or even time lag. Great works in the, when civilization do not fall as far behind as those of China or Japan. So here, , I have on screen here, two temples, , each built [00:33:00] in.

, 12,000 CE. , and while they aren't the sorts of large complexes that were being built in Meso-America at the time or the giant giant cities and ruined structures of Rome that were built. Uh, well, 1,200 years before this, they are at least. Interesting and impressive to a degree.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-7: Generally speaking this one, civilization theory, new perspective I have has dramatically risen my view of ancient Indian civilization and ancient Mesopotamian civilization. And dramatically lowered my view of ancient east Asian civilization. Particularly China, which just sunk to almost nothing, in my opinion. , specifically. Because I used to think of them as like an equivalent to what was going on in Rome and stuff like that. And they just like factually weren't and people will be like, well, what about their economy?

What about their economy? Like whether their economy so big it's like, this is when [00:34:00] people act like Masa, Mussa represented some giant civilization happening in Africa at the time. , and yeah, I mean, there was a people and a culture there, but they weren't producing things equivalent to like what the ancient Greeks or Romans were producing.

Just having a lot of wealth doesn't translate into cultural production. And I think that this is in a way more damning that a culture with all this wealth, wasn't able to turn it into the types of things like, you know, the aqueducts or the Rome road network or the ruins. Everywhere you go, or the art or the literature.

This is a Mesopotamian ruin site that I'm sending you here. Okay. To give you an idea, to just contrast everything that we've been looking at right now this is the Mohenjar Dara. This is from 2, 500 BCE. Well, what we're looking at seems to be some kind of city complex. A [00:35:00] massive city complex. Yeah. Why doesn't China have a single one of these?

Why doesn't Japan have a single one of these? When we have one from an inhospitable region made with mud from 2500 BCE from the one culture. Well, it's not just mud, it's proper bricks, but yeah. Yeah. But what I mean is you can't just say we didn't have stones. Yeah. Yes. Right. To carve, et cetera. Yeah. This is an incredibly impressive site, but okay.

Let's also look at some other things just so you can remember for people who might've forgotten what Rome was doing and when were they doing it? The Colosseum of Rome. Consider that many of these that we've been looking at, were around the 10th century, right? Was made in 72 AD the Colosseum of Rome.

Like nothing that we have looked at to me comes at like one 10th, even close the Colosseum. Well, and, and most people are accustomed to seeing the Colosseum ruins and not thinking about how it was with [00:36:00] mechanical floors. You know, this, this big, underground complex, like the Colosseum literally had naval battles in the center of it, right?

Yeah, we don't presently have even stadiums that do the same level of crazy s**t that the Coliseum did. So there may be cruise ships are pretty impressive. I, I, I know they're, they're seen as so trashy, but I'm just so impressed by cruise ships. There's like these amazing spaceships. So now what I'm sending you here, this is from 80 to 212.

Okay. This is the Baths of Karkala. Okay, yeah, we've got towers, we've got complex buildings, this is an archways, yeah. Unique architectural elements, this is a buried building, yeah, alright.

So this is an aqueduct from 1 AD in an outer territory in France, okay? Point de Garde, France. This is dramatically [00:37:00] more impressive than, like, The Great Wall, for example. Yeah, huh, yes. And it's literally hundreds of years earlier, many hundreds of years earlier.

Speaker: This is the original wall, isn't it? Or is it? I don't know. Is it just badly done? This is pretty s**t, isn't it?

Are you having a laugh?

This isn't the Great Wall, is it? You kidding me?

So, now we're gonna look at Pola Arena, and this is in Croatia, 27 BC. , but it basically looks like the Colosseum. And, okay, we're like, what about distant? Because people kept hearing me talk about Tunisia, right? Like, what was Tunisia like, okay?

This is Tunisia in 238 AD. So, like, distant colony, right? This is what Rome was putting up in Africa. Backwater. Whoa, what? It's just another, whoa! Okay, sorry, this is, it's very, it's a very impressive [00:38:00] coliseum building. Yeah, it is an impressive Coliseum building. That is so wild. And it was 238, which is way before any of the other sites that we're looking at.

Now, we haven't gotten to the art or, or, or, or literature yet, okay? But so far, because when I first brought this theory up to you, you were like, that cannot possibly be true. Yes. Are you beginning to be like, oh, this is a bit bigger than I thought it was, in terms of the scale of differences? I'm, I'm kind of already sold.

I, I'm concerned about this now, because it's going to make me. Look really bad at parties if I bring this up. Thank goodness. I don't go to parties anymore

Those were all built later in the one civilization, let's go to the Athenian temple ruins. Okay, so these were built in 432 BC

Oh, wow. Yeah. Yeah, that's what I always hear. It's literally better than a single set of ruins I was able to find anywhere in Japan or China. Yeah, massive columns still standing after [00:39:00] so many years. No, actually, I think the columns fell down at one point and it was rebuilt. Oh, okay. Okay. But that was recently that they fell down.

I think it was due to like bombing and like the Napoleonic campaign.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-8: It was 1687 and it was an explosion caused by Venetian bombardment that severely damaged the temple causing many of the columns to fall. So they stayed up till 1687.

I don't know. I'll have to find it. But yeah, they stood for a very, very, very, very long time. The same was Egypt. Like nothing in any of these other places comes close to Egypt. Really the only place you get close again is super ancient India and then nothing from up into modern times.

Wow. Okay. Yeah. Okay, and I'll put on screen here some pictures of, like, Roman settlements in Turkey and Spain. So you can see this isn't like an isolated thing. It's like, literally, I can't find a single thing from these other civilizations, and yet everywhere the Romans go, they're building something. So if I'm anticipating what listeners are thinking, it's, okay, fine.

Your point is made about [00:40:00] architecture. I'll believe in the one great culture or civilization theory of architecture, maybe literature, which you brought up. But, I don't know, like, the art, who cares, like, I've, I've been to so many, I don't know, like, you know, Asian art museums to, refute this, and Yes, and the reason why that refutation works in your head is because you haven't compared cross time when the Asian art you're looking at was made versus when the Greek art was made.

Okay, I'll go straight to art instead of literature. I was gonna read a bunch of literature texts, but no. We'll go straight to art, alright? So I just decided to do

so, a random search for Greek art, and this was the first picture that came up. You know, there's lots of beautiful Greek statues, ancient Greek statues. Oh, yeah. This picture came up, and this is 440 BC. Okay. 440 BC. Okay. Wow. You're looking at the statue, right? So it's so [00:41:00] realistic. For those who are only listening, we're looking at a classic Greek statue, but it's a very highly polished polished marble of a nude male with, you know, extremely realistic detail.

This could just be. A human who is painted and is naked, but you know, very small penis for whatever reason. And yeah, that's the only part of it that doesn't seem realistic. Yeah. And I had this moment where I asked Google, I go, okay, give me examples of Japanese art from 440 BC. Like, first I said statues because I wanted to compare like was like, yeah, there are no Japanese statues from 440 BC and I was like, wait, this can't be real.

So I managed to find some piece of Japanese art from this time period. Oh, dear. Oh I don't know what this is, but stylistically, but this could just be that we're biased, you know? We're looking at very dis No! No human in history, if you showed, I guarantee you, if you showed that Greek [00:42:00] statue to somebody from most of Japanese history and you prefer this or this Japanese art, they'd be that effing statue.

I know, I know. Yeah, you show that to like a Japanese person, like, and you know, I guess if you delivered that Greek statue. To someone in that same period of Japan, they would be extremely, they would prefer to have the Greek statue for sure. Yes. You want to know what my ancestors were doing during this period?

Yeah, I'm sure nothing that impressive, right? You're gonna get a kill it with fire moment here oh, what? No! That is literally the best my ancestors were able to do when the Greek were, were putting on this like Perfect physique of humanity and then the, the, the my ancestors are like

Speaker 2: Welcome [00:43:00] to Jurassic Park.

yeah, I'm getting that meme where like they begin to play John Williams, Jurassic park theme.

And then it goes to like a recorder playing it terribly. Oh yeah. The recorder playing one. Oh no, it's terrible. Oh, I need to not look at that. I need to look at the statue again, the papylic cleanser, even though it has a micro penis. Okay, okay. What about the Chinese? What did they have? Well, again, with the Chinese, I ran into one of these problems.

I was like, give me statues that the Chinese made around 440 BC. And they were like, Chinese didn't make any statues around 440 BC. And I was like, okay, so what were they making? [00:44:00] It goes, well, they were very skilled bronze crafters. So I will show you a bronze bell, and they also carved jade well. I like bells.

And a green pendant from China during this period. And you've got to click on it to open it. Pendants? Okay. Okay. I mean, yeah. It looks like it was made by a kindergartner. Yeah, it's not very impressive. The bell's fairly impressive. I mean, that requires metal forging. That requires technology. And so I admire that.

The bronze is not a difficult metal to forge, Simone. We're in the Bronze Age here. The, the, the Okay, anyway. But, but Again, like, just nothing really there, and so you can be like, Okay, the Terracotta Army, alright? Yes. It must compete with that Greek statue we looked at. No. There's two little problems here.

One, the Terracotta Army is literally 200 years after that. And two, you might not have looked at the Terracotta Army up close. No, I, yeah, no, it doesn't come, it doesn't come close. The, the, the Terracotta Army is impressive [00:45:00] in its mass customization and its scale. It is not impressive because the statues themselves are really You might forget just how unimpressive it is compared to that Greek statue.

I just sent it to you so you can compare it. No, I, I, I have a pretty good, let's see if, if memory is accurate here yeah. Yeah. That's exactly what I pictured. But okay now we're gonna get to and you always find ancient ancient india that's where you get things that come pretty close. This is india a few hundred years after those greek statues Okay. Okay. It's, it's nowhere close, but it is like in the realm of contention. Yeah. Yeah. Well, and, and they're, they're going for fan service here in a way I would argue kind of matches the fan serviceness of the Greek statue.

So, yeah, we've got polished stone, you know, very, very, very skilled stone work. So, yeah, this is, this is good. [00:46:00] Yeah. And you could argue Malcolm that the lack of. We'll say photorealistic accuracy is a stylistic choice here. So yeah, I'm gonna give this credit. Yeah, I'll give it credit. But again, this falls into my thing is something seemed to be happening in India, but it seemed to have died out.

And this will be more clear when we talk about literature and stuff like that. But yeah Now people will go like, ah, but China, they had so many great inventions. And so I was like, yeah, I had remembered this. I was like gunpowder. And then as I started going back to it, I was like gunpowder's doing an awful lot of heavy lifting in my brain right here.

When I'm trying to think of Chinese invention. I'm thinking flaming lanterns that have explosives. Am I getting this wrong? Gunpowder again. Gunpowder is doing a lot of the heavy lifting. So when you look at the things that China invented that the West did not invent, you do have some impressive things.

You have papermaking, second century A. D. [00:47:00] Awesome. I will point out, though, that 3000 B. C. E. papyrus was invented. Now, paper is cheaper to make, lasts longer and, and easier to, to, like, store. So just, like, strictly better. Yeah. So you got papermaking. Okay. Definitely gonna give them that. Yes. You got woodblock printing.

This is in the 6th and 7th century. And that's good. That's great. Gunpowder the 9th century. That's a good one. Okay. Then you got the compass in the 11th to 12th century That's a good one. That's awesome. Yes. Yeah. But here's the problem. When I started trying to, to, to investigate this, it's not really an invention.

That's a by product of an insect, but yeah, no, come on. Okay. So we'll count silk. So we have paper making. Printing, gunpowder, the compass, and silk, and the one civilization, you know what they invented? Literally everything else. That's the problem. Okay, whoops, [00:48:00] yeah, that's Gunpowder, and all of the things you see here are not things that require civilizational infrastructure to invent.

They're not actually particularly complex inventions, they're more like discoveries of like chemical phenomenon. Right? That's the problem with this, okay? Or, or a unique process for making something, right? I'm not saying that these regions never had, like, great individuals who would come up with these interesting ideas.

I'm just saying that whatever this civilizational infrastructure that seems to have spread through the one in civilization did, is it gave these people the ability To crank out tons, tons, tons more stuff Then you would get an equivalent great mind in one of these other civilizations And so we need to figure out why but I need to continue to go with proving my point because i'm not done with proving My point yet specifically what I mean is like if a [00:49:00] leonardo da vinci had been born in japan For whatever reason he wouldn't have had the infrastructure To be as voluminous and diverse in the things he was producing You But, sorry, I need to go to literature because you, yeah, you got me off the ball when we got to literature.

Okay,

literature. Well, as you remember, a lot of the literature that we think of as being like the definitive works of China are actually pretty late, like The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Journey to the West, 14th and 16th century respectively, well after something like The Divine Comedy. You do which was written in the 13th century.

You do get some, and I don't think of, the reason I'm using the Divine Comedy here is because I think of the Divine Comedy as being a fairly modern work within the tradition of the once signatory. You know, I'm not going back to something like the Aeneid or the Odyssey for great works here. Yeah, the Divine Comedy honestly reads like fanfiction.

It reads like fanfiction, but the reason I'm using it as my benchmark [00:50:00] is, in my mind, the Divine Comedy is a modern work. And so, when I say that these works are hundreds of years after the Divine Comedy, I'm saying they are very, very modern works. Well, and there's also, like, Machiavelli's The Prince, which I think is probably a better piece of literature to refer to, because it's more product of, like, It's less derivative

that was written 1513. Okay, so that would have been written at around the same time as you know, well, a bit before the journey to the West and a bit after romance of the three kingdoms. Yeah, and I would say, as somebody who's read excerpts from all of those and actually spent a significant amount of time studying the prince, the prince.

blows their pants off in terms of its complexity and depth. It still has good advice for people today where you're like, dang, that's a good point. Where I don't, you know, read Journey to the West and I'm like, wow, that's a good point. That really changes my perspective. And how I interact with people.

Yeah, you're taking it and acting differently after reading it. That's fair. [00:51:00] But yeah, well, because it's, it's just at a level of sophistication that's like not even remotely touched in these, these other regions but okay, come on, let's, let's keep going here. So, we got the book of songs, which is ancient Chinese poetry, again, poetry, which is like fine.

Like I've read a little bit of it. It's fine. is the 11th century to 7th century BCE, which is like good, but it's like, like generic old stuff.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-9: For an example, here is a poem from it called FishHawk. The fish Hawk calls high above the water. It flies. I long for my beloved, who is far away from my side.

It doesn't really, you know, I'm not particularly impressed with it when I compare it to something like the Iliad. Right. And, you know, then you got the records of the grand historian.

This is the first century BCE, a comprehensive history of China written by Sima Quan, which is like, cool that they had historians, but like. The One Civilization doesn't have, like, the one historian. It's got, like, hundreds of historians that we rely on. Just, like, the [00:52:00] rate it produced historians was also way, way, way higher.

And then people can be like, Well, you know, what about the art of war? 5th century China.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-23: BCE.

First of all, have you read The Art of War? I've read parts of The Art of War. It's not a Yuri impressive work.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-10: If you haven't read the art of war, here's an example of some quotes from it that AI thought were particularly poignant. The quality of a decision is like a well-timed swoop of a Falcon, which enables it to strike and destroy its victim. Or. If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles.

Secondly, the reason why, I'm like, do you happen to know if a similar canon was had in The One Civilization?

And they're like, you know, I never really looked into that. And I'm like, why haven't you looked into that? And I'm like, well, because I guess it would be totally unimpressive if one did exist. I would [00:53:00] sort of expect the ancient Greeks or Romans to have a book on how to do war. And they did. They, they had who wrote it was Aeneas Tacticus.

That's where the word tactics comes from. In fact, He had a whole series of them. He had such a comprehensive series of these books that only one survives today, and it's on specifically how to survive long sieges, and it goes into detailed stuff, like how you build things in the harbors to prevent the boats from entering.. So just dramatically more detailed and practical than the art of war. And it was like a whole encyclopedia on how to do war. And it was considered so. Unimpressive within the time period when contrasted with the other works. No, they couldn't be bothered to save it.

Wow. Didn't click save. Yeah. Read it and didn't bookmark it. Whoops. Didn't bookmark it, but we can tell from the one book that it was basically an entire encyclopedia on the [00:54:00] practicalities of how to do war within that time period. Wow. That is, I mean, yeah, and you're right. It's not at all surprising that something like that would have existed.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-11: Th this is not to say that he doesn't have the short little piffy quotes similar to the art of war. So we just go through a few of these that. AI thought were relevant. And I think the judges see that the quality of them is much higher and there they come off as more profound to me. , so these are from tacticals. In war events of great importance are often the result of trivial causes.

A bad piece is even worse than a war.

The desire for safety stands against every great and noble enterprise.

It belongs to human nature to hate those who you have injured. That last one, I just think is really profound. It is human nature. To decide to hate someone that you have injured. And it's something I see so often. And that's like, actually even like in a modern time, like a profound quote, that's not like a live, laugh, love sort of a quote, which unfortunately a lot of the [00:55:00] divorce stuff kind of is.

So, you got me on the literature, too. Okay, hold on. No, no, no, no, no. We're gonna give every civilization their fair shot. Oh, are you gonna dunk on Beowulf again? Because I feel like on every single episode we've done recently, you find some obscure opportunity to dunk on Beowulf. Oh, Beowulf is gonna get dunked on.

Beowulf is I don't, well, I dug on it because it's my ancestors. It's your ancestors. It was, it was written you know, so, so, so long. It's like Gilgamesh quality, right? People are like, it has themes. It has narrative through lines. It has themes. It was slightly coherent. I'm like, oh my god, just, sweetheart, you know, that it is not a product of a civilization.

It is a product of people who flung poo at each other. It is, it is not complicated. When contrasted with contemporary works produced by the one civilization before they deemed to uplift my people. But let's go to Japan here. So. Okay, okay, [00:56:00] okay. We got a good one here. We got Manayushi, the collection of 10, 000 leaves, compiled around 759.

A magnificent anthology of poetry containing around 4, 500 poems, mostly Takana and some Choka. And so I was like, oh, oh, this is great. Okay. Well, so what sort of poems were they? One of the most well known is an attribute to kantemoto A prominent poet from the 7th to early 8th sailed it. I'm just loving the pronunciation of these names Okay, the pop express is longing for a loved one and uses imagery of nature to convey emotion and I want to while we will be shitting on japanese art right now My favorite artistic production in the world is done by japan I predominantly watch anime and read manga.

I think that this is not an ethnic thing against the Japanese. I think that they produce some of the best artistic work in the world. And I said that I think the Koreans produce the best drama in the world out of the drama I've seen. [00:57:00] This is not saying that they can't produce this stuff. It's just saying that they Once they're touched by the one civilization as my ancestors needed to be, then they became able to produce this stuff.

So, the poem expresses a longing for a loved one and uses imagery of nature to convey the emotion. It's like, that is a very simplistic thing, and it's from the 7th to 8th century. Okay so, and then in another one, in this Tanaka, Hidemoto compares his feelings of longing to the rising smoke from Mount Fuji.

The imagery of smoke rising endlessly into the sky parallels the depths and persistence of the poet's emotions. I didn't know Mount Fuji was an active volcano for that long. Another famous poem from the Monoyoshi is Yamba no Ashitiko, which describes the beauty of Mount Fuji covered in snow. This poem uses vivid natural imagery to create a striking visual scene.

Hmm. Now, that is just that. I'm sorry, like, you can be like, oh, it's really touching. No, saying mountain is beautiful is not an [00:58:00] impressive feat. It's really touching, but that's, that's, that's 700 years after the Aeneid, you know, that is, that is just not particularly impressive when I look at the complexity of something like the Aeneid.

And even when the Aeneid is not like, this is the thing, when I'm looking for like Japanese work, like, it'll bring up like these, like five, like, these are the great things. In Rome, like you forget about tons of work because they just had to So many, many, many awesome things or the Greek plays that like, we don't even have any more.

Cause they were like, Oh yeah, that was a great play that was like as good as this other play we still have. But like, yeah. But like, haven't you heard of season five? It's so much better. Yeah. Okay. So the tale of Genji, which you went on about that's from the 11th century. All right. So let's, let's go into the tale of Genji here.

So keep in mind 11. over , 000 years after the Aeneid. One famous example is the Yugao chapter, which describes Genji's romance with a mysterious woman of lower rank. In this chapter, Genji disguises himself as a hunter to visit [00:59:00] Yugao in secret. The story creates a dreamlike atmosphere. It portrays their clandestine meeting and budding relationship.

What? That's like just, that's like something you would see in the Iliad. Yeah, well, yeah, and also talking about sex and relationships is not interesting. I think what also makes the Iliad really interesting, and the Odyssey as well, is that it takes the fact that men and women can be attracted to each other for granted and then talks about the way that these basal human instincts conflict with civilizational needs.

You know, it talks about a deeper theme and yeah, like, oh, you know, Paris's attraction to Helen ultimately was extremely damaging. And here's what happens when you succumb to those basal needs. And then also you elevate the, the wife of Odysseus, who, despite having every reason to believe that her husband was dead.

used her wiles and used her intelligence to [01:00:00] stave off a bunch of suitors who are basically sieging her home. And just for context here, the stories she's talking about are from 725 to 675 BCE. Yeah, yeah.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-12: The tale of dingy to contrast with written in the early 11th century. Consider how long it took them to not even surpass the one civilization in terms of what they're writing. And if you want an example of like short quotes from the tale of Genji, they're supposed to be like, Piffy regulatory things.

You can sort of connect them with what we went over from tactical. Or what we went over from Shenzhou , here are some quotes. Real things in the darkness seem no realer than dreams. There are as many sorts of women as there are women. No art or learning is to be pursued halfheartedly. And any art worth of learning will certainly reward more or less generously the effort made to study it. The world.

No it not, but you autumn. I confess it. You're wind at night, fall [01:01:00] stabs deep into my heart. Life is full of uncertainties. Perhaps one day some unforeseen circumstance would bring her into this life once more.

Just as a reminder for like the type of things that you're getting from tacticals who you probably haven't even heard of because these routine is just like, Mundane within his period. , it belongs to human nature to hate those. You have injured.

And keep in mind, tacticals was writing about 1000 years before the tale of Genji was written.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-13: And I'd like to point out that if you are from one of these cultural groups and you feel deeply offended that I'm saying all of the things. Keep in mind. I am saying them from the perspective of my own culture. Did nothing until it was touched by the one true culture.

My ancestors produced nothing. They produced less than even what your ancestors produced.

I have the humility to admit this, and I think. Accepting the one civilizations theory. It's a lot about just having the humility to [01:02:00] admit that cultures that you might have personally identified ways in some way, whether it was because you lived there for awhile or whether it was because you married someone from that culture or whether it's because they represent your own ancestors, that they may not actually be. That. As impressive as you thought they were.

And that may be, we can all admit that we are children of one culture, and it's not a culture that I. Have any ownership of myself.

So I think that's really interesting. And also the fact that, Another through line through, especially in the Iliad, this obsession with lineage, you know, son of so and so, son of so and so.

There is again, this focus on long termism of this interest of anyone in their role in an unbroken chain of history, rather than their feelings in the moment, which, you know, looking at a mountain and thinking it's pretty is all about your feelings in the moment, or like being caught up in a relationship or romance.

This is about short term. [01:03:00] Hindbrain thinking and you see that like, when you look at literature of ancient Greece ancient Rome or the stories and plays, it is all about the battle between the prefrontal cortex and the hindbrain, which I see to be the height of humanity. I agree. So well, let's go to another one.

So the another piece of famous Japanese literature the pillow book, this was written around sounds so Japanese, the pillow book. So Daki Makura, early, a collection of observation essays by Sae Shagon. So this is from 10,000 years at least. They had a thing for pillows for a long time. Yeah. We may be about a thousand years after Rome. Okay. We may be about a thousand years after things like the India, but, but surely this was an incredibly sophisticated book. Let's go over some of, like, I asked for one of the most famous ones in it, right?

So you gave me an example. Or I might have just looked at it and then just chose in the first example I found, but anyway, this is what it is. A white coat worn over a violet waistcoat, duck eggs, shaved ice, [01:04:00] mixed linoleum soup, and put in a silver bowl, a rosary rock crystal, wisteria blossoms, plum blossoms covered with snow, a pretty child eating strawberries.

That, that's it. That's one of their great pieces of literature from that period. That was AI trying to impress me with the very best Was that an excerpt? Or was it trying to summarize interesting visual elements? No, it was an excerpt. That's the way it's written. It's just interesting things that somebody saw.

Isn't that interesting though, how that shows up in anime? Where like, anime just doesn't Throws in like random moments of like cherry, like blossoms falling or like a bowl and beautiful life. I'm not going to say that they didn't capture things. It just doesn't. I find it really interesting that like this still exists as this like element of the Japanese people where they like can't stop obsessing about the beauty of small moments.

I'm not saying that it doesn't have artistic merit. What I'm saying is. No, it doesn't. I'm just. And I'm not arguing that. That it's lacking either. I'm also not arguing that it's sophisticated. I just think it's really interesting that they haven't shaken this like ability [01:05:00] to appreciate in some kind of profound way.

The beauty of mundane situations, but it's not sophisticated, complex or multilayered. No. And again, it's not about this. It's not long term. It's not about the interplay between. The prefrontal cortex and the hindbrain it is it is a sort of different aesthetic thing, but it's not yeah Okay, so let's look at famous Japanese work from around the divine comedy So I can use that as a benchmark of like broadly modern stuff But before they were really interacted with by the West.

Okay. So here you have something called tether giga and there's a famous line in it. So this is an example of like what we're dealing with in terms of intellectualism and everything, no matter what it may be, uniformity is undesirable. Leaving something incomplete makes it interesting and gives one feeling that there is room for growth.

I'm like, okay, like middle school or notebook thoughts. And again like it's, it's, it's competent, but you, you would have expected something like this from the Greeks. Like 000 years earlier, you would have not only [01:06:00] that early invasion like this, I feel like you would have been made fun of by anybody. So, if you're talking about, like, anything written in my people's area All you really have is King Alfred's reign, where they did some histories, and this was in 871 to 899, so like basically nothing, like one history and everybody seems to have a history down here or there, and then you've got like effing Beowulf 975, 975.

To 1025. So, Beowulf and again, is at, at a quality of literature level, like sophistication level equivalent to Gilgamesh, which was written 2,100 BC to 1,200 bc. Like, you cannot say that these two civilizations were anything alike. And then if you compare Beowulf with contemporary, like even like the Aeneid, it's, it's child like in comparison.

My ancestors [01:07:00] were unbebugging until the, the the one civilization touched them. So here is where you get the really interesting side here, which is India. Okay. Now I've, I've read some of these, so I'm familiar with their quality. I'd say that they are I'd put them in between, in terms of sophistication, Gilgamesh and the Odyssey.

They're not quite at the Odyssey level, like, their stories don't have as strong of narrative throughlines, or as strong of theming, and they're frankly not as entertaining to read. But they are definitely slightly more sophisticated than something like Gilgamesh. So this is when you're going to ancient India.

Specifically, you have the Vedas. Yes. 1500 to 500 BCE. So ex civilizationally, I think above where like Gilgamesh was during that time period.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-14: If you would like an example of text from each that could help you because I think some people could be like, well, that's like a, a judgment, right? Like that's not like an objective fact that this is sort of in between Gilgamesh and the Elliott. And I'm like, well, you think that maybe because you haven't read it in a while, or you are mythologizing what you have read. [01:08:00] So here's an example of texts from the Vedas. Ooma appeared to the gods and said, It is Brahman who. Has won this victory.

And in this victory of Brahman, you have become elated. Indra approached her and asked, who are you? She replied. I am Ooma the daughter of him event No, that it was Brahman who gave you victory in the battles you have won. It is through the power of Brahman that you have become great.

It was from her that Indra learned that the being they had encountered was indeed Brahman. Then Andrew approached Angie and Vajra and said you two seem to have known this being closely. Can you tell me more about it? They replied,

what is there to know, we too are puzzled Indra then said to them, let us all go to Brahman to gain knowledge. Now , the, this is just a random, I just asked, find a section from the Vedas to an AI. , where, , people are interacting with each other.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-15: So here's a S D a I that gave me that one. I said, find a similar section from the [01:09:00] Iliad. Achilles you coward you greedy heart. How can archaea and the soldier obey you gladly either to go on a mission or to fight in battle with all his strengths. I didn't come here to fight because of a quarrel with Trojans.

They've never done me any harm, but you mighty shameless, man. We followed you to please you to an honor from the Trojans for you, you dog face and for mentalis,

you don't look at that. You don't think about it. And now you threatened to seize my prize in person something. I worked hard for a gift from a Keon sons, Agamemnon by all means flee. If that's your heart's desire, I'm not begging you to stay on my account. I have others here who will respect me, especially all wise. Zeus. Of all God fostering Kings your, the man.

I hate the most. You always love to fight and war. So what if you're strong? That's just a gift from God.

You have the AADs, this is 800 to 200 BC [01:10:00] aad. You had AP May, which is 500 to 100 bbc. You have Mahata. This is 400 BC to 400 ce. And then you've got the bga.

Gita, this is 200 BC to 200 CE. The problem is we're going to pronunciation hall. I think I'm going to pronunciation hell. I can't do this. The problem is, is you just can't get much after that. Like, like this is all like all this BC stuff, like similar to when the Greeks were doing all this and then it just disappears and you go further and you're getting stuff.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-16: So I want to make note here that I'm not saying that in India, they stopped producing works of literature during this period. , what I'm saying is the works of literature stopped advancing in their complexity significantly. , and multilayered illness. This narrative ability to convey characters. So as an example here, if you're looking as much as I like the Iliad, the Elliot is still fairly primitive.

If you compare it to something like the Aeneid, which is just orders of [01:11:00] magnitude more sophisticated and interesting. And. , an easier fun read. , now if we go to India, And you look at something like.

We can go to the sweat Putin us. But, banana in a dream by Basa. And this is the second to fourth century. Ady and I read a quote from that. , oh, yeah. Done. What will you do? Bhagavata I shall be king of a right-size chamber man with a skill in hairdressing. Ooh, God. And what will drop high?

I do. Vasavada. I'll call myself Sarah Hedy. and again, this is just randomly chosen by an AI. So this isn't me like trying to pick something that's like boring or simplistic.

Okay, let's keep going. Let's look at the slip. Kira the story of anklet, , written in the fifth and sixth century 80. So again, I asked AI for a quote from this one.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-16: who are you? Nobel ones. Where are you headed on this difficult paths? Kaia Niki. I am Kaia Niki. Nikki. And this is my husband Cova lawn. We're traveling to . My Duryea to [01:12:00] start a new COVID line. Respected aesthetic. We seek your blessing for our, our journey. Covata the pass ahead is treacherous filled with wild bees and bandits. Are you prepared for such hardships, Kaia Niki. We have each other and our love will give us drinks.

Please guide us. Why is one.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-16: very well. I shall accompany you to the outskirts of Madara, but remember, virtue is your true protector in this world.

So I asked the same AI, right after asking you to generate the, to pick a line from the India. So keep in mind that the need would have been. What 500 years before that last one I read in 200 years before the one before that.

Dido distraught. It says imminent departure confronts him. Dido where you hoping to slip away in secret cruel one. Did you think you could leave this land and me without a word death? Her love me, nothing to you, nor the pledge we made. Do you not see my tears? And he is torn between his feelings for Dido and his divine mission [01:13:00] responds. My queen. I will never deny what you deserve, nor will I ever regret the time we shared. I did not mean to leave in secret, but the gods command me to go to Italy.

This is not my choice, but my duty. Dido. Unconvinced and heartbroken replies. Neither goddess was your mother. Nor Darius the founder of your line, you trader no, you were born of the harsh, Caucasian rocks and nursed by hurricane tigers.

So. Again, I just, there's no comparison. , and it's very interesting to me, the level of that, the level of sophistication of literature with higher in very early India. , but didn't advance. At the same rate that it was within the one culture.

Like it's, it's really shocking that you don't get this same development from here. And then if we're comparing like just time periods here, Homer's Iliad, eighth century BC, Homer Odyssey, eighth century BC. If you're looking at tragedies here, so keep in mind, it's not just like the [01:14:00] Iliad that we're going to here.

You got opiates, Rex 429 BC, you got, uh, 531 BCE. You got Ashkali's Australia Trilogy 458 BCE. And when I'm talking about like Greek tragedy again, I don't feel like the Indian stuff really compares. If you're being honest with yourself and you've read both, it just doesn't have the same narrative through lines or multi layered stories.

And then, okay, let's go to philosophy. You got Plato's Republic, 380 BCE and Aristotle's Poetics, 335 BCE. Now I want you to compare something like Aristotle's work or something like that with just to get an idea of like the civilizational distance here in terms of complexity with something like the art of war.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-17: So these would have been approximate contemporaries. If we go for the art of war, you would have all warfare is based on deception hints. When able to attack, [01:15:00] we must seem unable when using our forces, we must seem inactive.

When we are near, we must make the enemy. Believe we are far away. When far away we must make him believe we are near hold out Bates to entice the enemy. Feign disorder and crush him. Good advice, but also fairly obvious. , now let's go to Aristotle and this is on Essex. Virtue then it's a state of character concerned with choice. Lying in a mean, I eat the mean relative to us. This being determined by irrational principle and by the principle, by which man of practical wisdom would determine it.

Now it is mean between two vices. That which depends on excess and that which depends on defect. And again, it is a mean because the vices respectively fall short or of, or exceed what is right in both passions and actions while virtue, both finds and chooses that, which is immediate.

Now again, you can't be like, oh, this is because one's a translation and one's not a translation because they're both translations and bows from culture is [01:16:00] very different from my own.

But just the level of sophistication between the two cultures is quite distant.

So, contrast something like Plato's Republic with Shenzhou's Art of War, if you're familiar with both of them.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-18: Plato's Republic and Arctic. We're also contemporaries. If you're wondering how they can be contemporary yet, you know, It needs to be. Cause we don't know exactly when the art of war was written. It was written between a period and that period covers both when Aristotle was writing. And when played out with writing. Anyway. So another quote from the art of warm. Therefore just as water retains, no constant shape. So in warfare, there are no constant conditions. He who can modify his tactics in relation to his opponent and thereby succeed in winning may be called a heaven born captain. And then here is Plato's Republic.

Just consider the depth of thought difference between these two. and this is a fairly famous one from Plato's Republic, which is, I guess, why the AI chose it. Not again, not me picking and choosing. Imagine human beings living in an underground dim which has a mouse open towards the light and reaching all along the [01:17:00] den. Here they have been from their childhood. And have their legs and necks chained so that they cannot move and can only see before them being prevented by the chains from turning around their heads. Above and behind them, a fire is blazing at a distance in between the fire and the prisoners.

There is.

A raised way. And you will see if you look a low wall built along the way, like a screen, which marionette players have in front of them over which they showed the puppets.

And do you see, I said, men passing along the wall, carrying all sorts of vessels and statues and figures of animals made of wood and stone and various materials. Which appear over the wall. Some of them are talking. They're silent. You have shown me a strange image and they are strange prisoners like ourselves.

I replied and they see only their own shadows or the shadows of one another, which the fire throws on the opposite wall of the cave. True. He said, how could they see anything? But the shadows, if they were never allowed to move their heads [01:18:00] and of the objects, which are being carried and in a like, manner,

they would only see the shadows. Yes. He said, And if they were able to converse with another,

would they not suppose that they were naming what was actually before them? Very true.

Yeah, that's embarrassing. Yeah, the Sun Tzu's Art of War is genuinely like at a fill us up, like vague, fairly obvious advice. And Plato's Republic is like, how do we build the perfect civilization? We could do X, but that might not work. So what if we did Y, crazy thing? And what if we do like, you know, Z, crazy thing? Like, it's just Not at the same level. And then you're like, well, you know, they must've stopped as well.

No, we'll go to like ancient Roman literature. As we go to 19 BCE. It was Virgil's Aeneids. You go to Horace's Odes, 23 You go to Ovid's Metamorphoses, that's 8 CE. You go to Marcus Aurelius Meditations, 170 BCE. to 180 CE. And again, like Marcus Aurelius's meditations, compare that to like art of war, compare [01:19:00] that to a lot of this stuff that we're seeing come out of Japan, like 800 years later.

It just isn't comparable. Now I want to show you again that this is a specifically this one chain of civilization thing. Okay.

This has, and I want to be clear here, absolutely nothing to do with Europe, European people, or European genetics. It is a specific memetic cluster. And that is made very clear by this chart. So this chart chosen notable philosophers and scholars in Europe from the 7th century BC to the 14th century AD.

Whoa. And you will note, Rome fell in the 5th century and Charlemagne rose in the 9th century. And between those two periods, they are basically mud hut people producing nothing. Wow. And I think this also shows just the height of ancient Greek civilization in terms of the sophistication of that civilization.

So, so, this is, this is just what I say here. So, what do you need for this, right? And we [01:20:00] talked for a lot about this, and we came up with some ideas. Now, I think something that tries to look at this from a, well, the climate was different, doesn't really work. Yes, you do not like the guns, germs, and steel.

Answer to this question. Yeah, because it doesn't explain why everything goes back to mud huts. When Rome goes away, it does. It does not explain that. Well, why is it that Britain can become a like civilized area when Rome is there? But when Rome goes away, they go back to hitting each other with clubs.

What, why they go back to murdering children and then bury them under bridges to is like witch spells and stuff like that. Hmm. Why, why, why, why, why, why. This is and, and, and I also, the reason why people are drawn in by these environmental explanations is. They remove the need to ask hard questions.

Okay. And I don't think that you can get a genetic answer to this, like, because clearly it worked wherever [01:21:00] Rome was. It worked when Rome was in Africa. It worked when the civilization spread to the Mesopotamian river Valley. It worked in my Unga Bunga caveman ancestors in Britain, right? Like it worked everywhere.

It was applied. That's the thing about this. It's not like a. Oh, environmental thing. So what we came to is that you need an environment where lazy rich people want to do science and, and explore the nature of reality. If you look at, it's not, so you need two things, right? You need enough civilizational infrastructure.

Like you need a meme company that can create enough civilizational infrastructure where you have trade and you have people who are like, you need, you need enough affluence to create. some opportunity for leisure. But then in that leisure time, you have to want to explore the true nature of reality and the way things actually functionally work.

And we came to the conclusion that to get to [01:22:00] that place, you need to have a certain element of varied pluralism, because if you don't have that, there will be not that much. There will be an absence of competitive forces that encourage, that enable those who are somehow correct, more correct about reality to win.

So why we think this didn't happen, for example, in Imperial China or Feudal Japan is because there was too much uniformity, meaning that there wasn't, like, competing and being really, really different. And, and more correct about reality wasn't how you were going to win. You would win through brute force by getting enough resources by Yeah, so I like the way that you, when you were explaining it to me, I thought you had a slightly more eloquent way of putting it.

Which is you need a pluralistic yet unified people proud of their differences, but they see themselves as one [01:23:00] unit against some external existential threat that they see as wholly different from them. So examples, and it appears that the one civilization does best whenever it's in those environments.

So for example, it did really well in the Greek city states where the Greek city states. Also, each other is like radically different. And, and it, but the outsiders, they were something wholly other, right? But they were also totally separate from each other and competing, or it did really well during the period of European city states competing with each other.

Yeah. You know, after the age of Charlemagne, it did really well. It did really, but all those groups, you know, they would fight each other, but when a crusade would happen, it's like, okay, everyone come together. Let's, let's go. It did really well in the Muslim, the Islamic empire, but the Islamic empire was also like that.

It was very fracturous in the way that it's different parts functioned. It did very well in the Roman empire. But again, anyone who's actually studied Roman history, the Roman empire was always dividing and then recombining and dividing and [01:24:00] recombining with a lot of factions with a lot of factions that had a degree of ideological diversity, where you would argue against.

Someone else

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-19: I will note that the one civilization. Appears to be dramatically less intellectually, , and more broadly, I guess I'd say civilizationally productive in terms of its advancement, whenever it is being housed within a more homogenous empire. So yes, Rome was fractured, but it was hardly as ideal a situation as the ancient Greek city states or the later competing European countries.

, and I think that that is why in Rome, you had a slow. Slow down of the advancement, which you can see very clearly on this graph. Yes. There was still advancement. Yes. There was still civilization, but it was much slower than under the Greek city state period or in the later multi-country multi-site plural, European.

System.

And I think that this is also why in the [01:25:00] last, I'd say 50 years or so we have seen human advancement in terms of, , artistic production and stuff like that. Really grind to a Holt, , because of the urban monoculture, removing the differences between the groups that had been seated with the one culture.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-20: So Rome can almost be thought of as this weird moment in history where the one culture solidified into a mostly uniform unit, which gave it the power needed to spread out and touch lots of parts of earth and get them ready and seated. However, , He didn't advance within that culture itself. That culture was more of a vector for its spread.

and I think that you could actually see why this leads to better philosophical outcomes and I'll note here, right? So people are like well Japanese people they were interested in like exploring the nature of reality was like a consequentialist Like this will work mindset when they got rich.

I'm like, no They weren't like if you study like actual Japanese or Chinese history What the wealthy people [01:26:00] with leisure time did is they? Measured the quality of their work by its aesthetic value over its or, or realistic. So they would sit around and write stories that were meant to be beautiful, but they weren't meant to be Functional or convey particularly deeper or more sophisticated meanings often Lee and an argument that I was also positing when we were talking about this earlier is there seems to be some kind of a benefit that you get from having a complex political system that is complex enough where there's either a very strong nobility and some form of parliament or some form of representative democracy, because in those systems actually being correct and actually being right.

gives you an edge or a benefit. So that I think has a halo effect where then you get people who are also interested in science and physics and a whole bunch of other things as, as sort of an emergent property [01:27:00] of people who are right. From a more like political strategic perspective have an edge and therefore get to rule that society and you get a lot of pushback as well.

So you get the like, you need the gentleman scientist, basically. I mean, in the Victorian period, it's called the gentleman scientist in the medieval period. It was called like, the maybe monk or something. Or in the, you know, the, the period of the Greek city states, it was your, your random thinker, right?

So like, and we're going to talk about like how Greeks figured some early stuff. Like, I think that they're the people who really collated this culture for the first thing. I think its predecessors existed in the Egypt, right? And then it went to Mesopotamia where it continued to grow slightly, but I still think it was very nascent and it was supercharged when the Greeks got it.

Like they exploded it. They were the reactor that made it something. And I think that you can see for the exploration of the Greeks, exploration of the nature of reality, sort of how it builds on itself and why this would lead to such civilizational advancement so quickly. So you'll have something like sales.

Thales of Miletus proposing that water was the [01:28:00] fundamental substance underlying all reality. He sought a single unifying principle to explain the nature of the world. So this is around what you get in terms of sophistication of other cultures. You get the first guy who asks what's the nature of the world, right?

In Greek society, it didn't stop first guy to ask what the nature of the world. Somebody else with access to his work, then you get an axomander, who argued for an indefinite boundless substance called a porian as the source of all things. This was an early attempt to conceptualize an abstract principle underlying physical reality.

Then Heraclitus taught that everything is in constant flux, famously stating, Pansa re, everything flows. He saw reality as a unity of opposites in constant tension and change. Thank you very much. Parademus took the opposite view, arguing that change is impossible, and that reality is a single, eternal, and unchanging whole.

This sparked debates about the nature of being, and non being, that influenced later metaphysics. Then all of those people came down to Plato, who's now, you know, going against [01:29:00] what all of them are saying, and he goes, He proposed the theory of forms,

which held that there exists a realm of, Of perfect unchanging forms or ideas separate from the physical world The physical world we perceive is merely an imperfect reflection of these forms True knowledge and reality are found in the realm of forms not in the ever changing physical world Now this is an idea that while I don't agree with it could conceptually make sense to even a modern person today Like this is the beginning of what you could call like Truly modern physics or philosophy whereas the other people were just giving him enough of a people arguing that he could come in and have, I guess I'd call it like a real and sophisticated idea.

Whereas these other environments just didn't have this debate happening and, and wouldn't have a debate like this arise. And this spills over then into things like the arts. I mean, we'll explain why that happens in a second, but then you have something like Aristotle, right? So then Aristotle, he comes in and he rejects Plato's separate form.

[01:30:00] Instead, arguing that form and matter are united in individual substances. Aristotle developed the concepts of substance, essence, and accident to explain the nature of things. Clearly, this is a world. He explored causality, identifying four types of causes. Material, formal, effective, and final. So, like, He basically figured out how reality actually works, like, well, it's just a world where clearly they were rewarded in some way, like socially, or even if no one gave them a reward for it, they were raised in a culture or society that enabled them to have emotional intrinsic rewards for doing something like this.

And that I think is created, it's just, when I think about the unifying elements of. The cultures that I'm aware of that first generated this is there are varied sub tribes that are very they have a lot of internal pride and they like to s**t on the outsiders. [01:31:00] And. You even saw this in ancient Egypt, you know, it's like, Oh, those people in Alexandria.

Oh, those people in Cairo, like there, there were significant cultural differences but there was a lot of trade and interchange as well. So there was comparison. So I feel that what's the word like a certain amount of xenophobia combined with pluralism and then another sort of big bad on the outside that enables them to all say.

Okay. Hey, this is us. And we are different from those. You mean literally like the Haven Network that I want to recreate for a post fertility collapse world? Oddly convenient, but I mean, it, I feel like we see the value. I know, but that's, I think I know. And what I'm saying is it's, it seems conveniently flattering that what we're trying to design is.

Oddly reminiscent of a system that seems to have given birth to the modernization specifically designed after it. Yeah, well, I know, but I just, I think it's, it's interesting that we intuited [01:32:00] something that now when we're looking at this unified, civilization. Well, I hadn't looked at how big the differences were when you controlled for time.

But now I want to get to, to make a comparison here. So we're going to go to China. Like what was their understanding of reality? Right. So you get to Laozi and Zhangzi. They were believed to have lived between the sixth century BCE. Although some scholars state them to the fourth century BCE. So this would be around when all these Greek authors were writing.

They're credited as the authors of the Tao Te Ching. The Tao Te Ching. The foundational text of Daoism it, which included concepts of Dao the way as the source of all being, Wu Wei, non action or effortless action, the interplay of yin and yang , and simplicity and naturalness as ideals.

That's childlike when contrasted with what was going on in Greece at the same time. And I think it, but, but it, I think shows. Why Greece was able to sort of explore here. You have like two guys who sat down and they're like, [01:33:00] this is the way things are. And then you have like one other guy who pushes back like Mosey.

So this is where you get the will of heaven, the idea that the universe has a moral structure. The Heaven's Intentions provide a standard for ethics. He believed in consequentialism, so slightly better, right? Like, judging the morality of actions based on their outcomes. He believed in universalism advocating for universal love, Jiayi Ai, that does not discriminate between people rationalism and a lot of his, and Moanism, and some other things, and a lot of his stuff.

was sort of, suppressed as Confucianism grew. So, hold on. But the point being is that when you read this stuff, or when you read Confucianism, because I'm sure you guys have read some Confucianism you just, like, anyone who's being honest can tell it's not as intellectually sophisticated as something like Aristotle's work or Plato's work, which was, you know, It shows the difference between a culture where you have a bunch of people furiously arguing with each other and who in other areas of their life, whether it's economics [01:34:00] or war, actually have to know how to beat an opponent and actually have to have their ideas work.

And I think you can see this in terms of like Greek warfare, for example, like Alexander, the great figures out like a formation. That's really good in Greek warfare, . And then he applies it. to anyone other than the Greek city states that were very hard for him to unify, and it's like, free money cheat, just moving knife through butter all the way to India, where his troops are like, why are we still fighting anymore?

This is getting pointless. I mean, I think what made him really cool Was the way that he used geography to his advantage, yeah. But the point is, is that these things all bleed into each other.

It's not just the philosophy was hundreds of years ahead. It's the philosophy, and the art, and the infrastructure, and the buildings, and the everything! Everything! Ahead of my ancestors! Well, what's more interesting to me, again, is just how the incentives are aligned to do that. And you need [01:35:00] to have a pluralistic culture.

You need to have something that forces competition and and ingenuity, and I, and I think that you can see throughout history, too, and this would require a whole lot more investigation that we don't have time for right now. But I think if we looked at when civilizations collapsed, I would imagine that there's a high level of correlation between that competition falling apart and the fall of a civilization that when you no longer have this pluralistic competition, but trade and exchange.

Where you're forcing people to sort of steal from each other, iterate off each other and compete with each other, but also stay united and strong together against a larger exogenous threat or enemy or big bad, then that's when civilization starts to decline. So, maybe we should be concerned that perhaps big bads.

Like Russia and China, you know, sort of like that, these, these tensions internationally [01:36:00] will soon subside due to demographic collapse. Well, I think it's why the urban monoculture is often also stolen so much of the vitality of human civilization because it is homogenized culture. Yes. Yeah. In a, in a more perfect world, we would have these cultures riffing and doing their own thing like anime, like anime required Japan be touched by civilization to create their concepts of like video games, like Mario and stuff like that.

There are some of the greatest works of art in our lifetime. And I think in the future will be remembered that way are, are coming out, but it's out of this industrial process that married some of their ancestral traditions. And I think that this is where you get the, This mistake, right? The mistake that countries make is we can go back to our old ways and, and just update them for modern civilization and say, no, what we need to do is we need to take this one culture and put little spins on it, but not try to go back to the way things used to be.

So an example of this would be something like even China today. So this is not me as an [01:37:00] outsider, but merging China, when China says we need to go back to like Chinese science and Chinese medicine, like the Chinese government. We'll say when we're doing Chinese medicine, it's like random like herbs and stuff that like everybody knows don't work like, like they, they functionally don't work because that was the nature of that previous system in, in the, in the system of the one civilization, things actually have to work like if a natural remedy works, it will say, okay, how do I distill the chemical in it?

Oh, cool. Cool. Gnawing on that bark lowers your amount of pain. Okay, what chemical is causing that? Okay, let's mass produce that chemical. Okay, now we have aspirin. And we, we, we run into a risk of doing this in the West as well.

I mean, the urban monoculture, because of its love of weakness, you can see our video on that particular topic. It tries to venerate it, their own ancestors, the witches, the druids, the pagans. You know, you get that I'm queer, you should not venerate that. [01:38:00] Right? These people were monstrous.

They sacrificed children. They were not civilized man. They, they needed to be uplifted. Thank God that the Romans colonized. My ancestors and saved them from the depravity that they were living in.

Speaker 17: What makes me special?

Speaker 18: Do you know, do you know what makes me special? I'm a queer. What?!

Speaker 22: She looks angry. Yeah.

Speaker 23: A face like that, I'd be angry too.

You

Speaker 25: shut up.

And I think that, and this is the thing, and I think that, that, that [01:39:00] civilized man, wherever he is whatever he looks like, whatever ethnicity he is, the cool thing about this theory is it's kind of unifying.

Because the truth is Is it the originators of this civilization? One, they never hold the torch for long. They often pass it on, you know, whether it's Egypt to Mesopotamia to Greece to Rome. But they also mostly don't exist anymore as an ethnic group. Like the ancient Greeks, I can look at ancient Greek statues.

They don't look like modern Greek people. Like that ethnic group isn't my ethnic group, but it's also, you know, when you're talking about it. And I think that, that Italians and the Greek people. Do undersell themselves when they say they're not they're probably like 80 percent related to them would be my guess there's probably like a few immigration waves, but like I think that they deserve some credit for that But they're not the groups that are on top of the world right now, you know So it doesn't argue for this idea of a dominant cultural group what it argues for is an idea of a global shared cultural history That none of us really own.

That [01:40:00] we all are beneficiaries of whatever our backgrounds are. And we all deserve you know, when I look back to my history, when I named my kids, like Octavian, one of the names that we're looking for for one of our next years, it's going to be Constantine. You know, I am looking to the great figures of Rome.

And. One show that I would really recommend people watch if you haven't watched it you, you absolutely must watch it. It's called Rome, an unbiased history. I would watch it chronologically. If you like this show, you are going to love Roman unbiased history. It's by Dabba Hadi. He is, I think.

Like, one of the great creators of our age, in terms of like, memefied content. I don't think he has nearly as many subscribers as he could, but it's just because he hasn't done enough videos. But he does a thorough memefied history of Rome, from the perspective of being ultra, I'd say like, jingoistic.

Like, when he's describing my [01:41:00] ancestors, he'll always have them come on ahead with like the, you know, the meme of the guy with the head that's caved in, and like the face paint on them, and just you know, unable to do anything, or they'll have like sharp teeth whenever they're coming on stage, and I just love it!

Speaker 11: All that there would be, even though, there was so much we didn't know yet. Fighting under the sun. , my skin is glistening from sweat dripping down as time will pass,

I love it! Because it's, it's I think the way that the chads from around the world are able to look at history and not look at the witches and see their ancestors, but all together look to the shared cultural ancestry and say, that's the fire that left human civilization. And I don't need to have an ethnic.

Claim to that, to admire it and to learn from it and to build on it. I think that's really fair. Yeah,

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-21: [01:42:00] And I note that all our cultures had their witches. You know, it's not just that the Celts who had witches, who, some people today delusional. , rise up despite them being child murderers. , but you had them in the African cultures, you had them in ancient China. You had them in a.

Ancient Scandinavia and the ancient roofs had them. All around the world, we had our witches. So the question is, are you able to, with humility, swallow, the pride you have in either the culture that is your own genetically or the one that you have drawn, some sort of weird Weebo attachment to. And admit that we all, our greatness all comes from the descendants of. One culture. And a culture that's not yours.

And that is a culture that brought us. It's a Judeo-Christian tree of religions that helped save us from our witches.

Speaker 6: Your [01:43:00] move, time to d d d

Speaker 7: d d

d d

and I think the difficult thing is that normally when people are advocating for a culture, it's their own and it helps that this isn't ours. I'm so relieved. I'm so relieved that we do not have Greek or Roman ancestry.

Yeah, otherwise this would be such a bad look, but I, I think that and I also argue that this is what created the modern Jew and Christian in another episode, which is to say when the one true religion crashed with civilization, it like a particle collider [01:44:00] exploded and created the civilized religions, whether that's post second temple Judaism.

And as we argue in track eight, I do not think. Pre Second Temple Judaism was one of the civilized religions. They were ripping apart animals. They were doing blood sacrifices. They were doing blood magic. They were worshiping multiple gods in the temple. I think that it was through the destruction of that, that they were freed from this.

And if you look at their art from those previous periods, it's nothing special. Their civilization, nothing particularly special. Even the parts of the Bible that were written before that period, while I think they're divinely inspired, they're certainly not. Particularly sophisticated when contrasted with like ancient greek work.

And actually some individuals argue that the bible is particularly the moses stories are actually downstream of hellenistic works and there's some compelling evidence there that we can get to that. They were heavily influenced post fact by those.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-22: Specifically, the argument that I found most compelling is just the theme of the story. A group of people being kicked out of a Homeland, then looking for a new Homeland, [01:45:00] then founding a city. Then having that city grow into a great city. , it feels very much like, you know, the founding story of Rome or like many ancient Greek myths have this. , theming.

, whereas it's basically unheard of in the, , Mesopotamian region.

But we, we won't get into that too much in this particular episode.

Microphone (Wireless Microphone Rx)-24: Something I note about this theory that I want to develop further is the idea that the one civilization, when it blooms within a region appears to exhaust that region after a golden age, making it hard for civilization to appear there again, and they then fall into what I can only describe as.

Sort of a non-violent slumber. , that where they don't produce much in terms of artistic output or civilizational advancement was the only, , counter example to this being the Italian Renaissance. After the period of the Roman empire was over. , so what I mean by this is it [01:46:00] starts in Egypt. Then Egypt never really rises again.

Then it goes to Mesopotamia, the NEF. They retain me as sort of becomes irrelevant and it goes to Greece and Greece sort of become the relevant. Then it goes to Rome. Then Rome sort of becomes irrelevant. Then it, you know, breathe, digging in France. , through the Charlotte minium empire, and then that sort of becomes irrelevant.

And then it goes into England. , which has increasingly become irrelevant. , and so the question is, , how can you create a sustainable version of this culture in why does it burn these populations and make them if beat and bureaucratic after a while? , and that is a theory that we will explore later. But it also means, interestingly, that it's especially hard for any group to claim themselves special because they carried the torch of civilization for a period because the church of civilization seems to always burn the group that carries it and make them lesser than the people around them, rather than more than the people around them.

Gotta get the kids now, but hold on the point of all this is. Is that we [01:47:00] have a shared cultural ancestry that none of us have ownership over and that cultural ancestry, the height of it is when you have collaborative pluralism and that's what we should be fighting for. That's the greatness that was Rome.

Oh, and by the way, if you also haven't seen it and I've recommended it in another show and you still need to watch it is the Rome mini series. From HBO again, haven't seen that must watch it and we haven't seen the first gladiator again, a must watch. Well, and also I want to emphasize not just collaborative pluralism, but collaborative competitive pluralism.

Exactly. There is a healthy, friendly trash talking the other side element of this. And I think a lot of Our critics or people who want to frame us as enemies misread that when we're like, yeah, like, you know, on the

other side, but you should also be allying and working with the other side. You should both compete. I mean, that is the [01:48:00] beauty of sports teams. Anyone who can understand baseball fans who can, who can trash talk each other about their teams, but then, you know, bond over the sport. Is like, they get it, this should not be a complex subject, but I, I do feel that we get heat for this because people try to make that out about like, oh, you're about hate.

You're about, you know, you trash talk this other group. Therefore you're a supremacist for your own group. Like, you're, you're totally missing the point and you are smart enough to know that that is not true. So cool. All right, let's go get love. You have a good day. Bye bye bye. Ciao ciao. You're amazing. You know, Maxine Lott, who we are fans of he, on his sub stack ran, I think he's running guests posts, giving a a rational argument for why people should vote for Kamala Harris. And there's another one for why people should vote for Donald Trump.

And I'm still [01:49:00] reading the Kamala Harris one, but there's this one part of it where the person. argues that the economy is doing well and look at GDP and look at unemployment rates and how Kamala Harris has a plan to make things even better. But then they write, many Americans have the mistaken perception that the economy is not doing well in part because of the cost of groceries, housing, consumer goods and services and energy are all higher than four years ago and wage growth has not offset these high costs.

Like, I'm sorry. So you're arguing that the economy is doing well. And then we're just complaining that it, we're not happy because our lives are materially worse and economically speaking, but the economy is doing well, so we should vote for it. I love that so much. This like, I mean, so the costs that matter to normal people are.

Are [01:50:00] up. And I mean, their wages haven't improved in line with that, but I mean, the economy is doing well, you know, you, you, you mentioned to me that like people will always say the economy is doing well when their parties in office. What he's really just saying is my party's in office. And therefore I can find some numbers to indicate that the economy is in shambles, but my party is in office.

Therefore, things are good. Okay? Shut up. I just thought that was very entertaining.

Speaker 12: There was a dream that was real. It shall be realized. These are the wishes of Marcus Aurelius.

Speaker 8: [01:51:00] Torsten, out of the way! Out of the way!

Speaker 9: What are you doing? You nutjob!

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