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#512: Alzheimer’s Disease – Drs. Ayesha & Dean Sherzai

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Genetic Factors in Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease is influenced by genetic factors, with around 40 genes playing a role to some extent. Among them, only three genes, presenilin 1, presenilin 2, and APP, are fully penetrant, leading to early onset of the disease before the age of 65. The rest of the genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's involve the interaction between genes and the environment, such as the apoE gene. Possessing one apoE4 allele increases the risk fourfold, while having two alleles can raise the risk by as much as 12 times. However, even with both alleles, about 50% of individuals with this genetic disposition do not develop the disease, indicating the importance of lifestyle and other factors in disease development.

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