Culpability in Ignorance of Truth

Ignorance of the truth, especially prevalent among those raised in Protestantism, may not lead to culpability according to the invincible ignorance argument. Individuals like the old Baptist grandma who lack theological knowledge may be considered fine by God. However, even scholars who are well-versed in Catholic arguments and still believe in Protestantism pose a question. This dilemma is likened to that of intelligent atheists; will God condemn those who make cognitive errors about the nature of truth?