Adwaita is the concept that Brahman, the ultimate reality, is not in relation with the jiva, sentient beings, or the universe, jagat. Instead, the world is an appearance in Brahman and the jiva is identical with it. Adwaita means non-dual, and comes from the Sanskrit word aditevidan. This was taught by Shankara and further explained by his disciple, Suresora Charia, in his commentary on the Bedanagopanisha. The term adwaita is often translated as non-dual, but its precise meaning is being in relation with two realities, which is called ditam.