Recent research challenges the long-held neurochemical imbalance theory of depression, particularly the role of serotonin in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. The evidence supporting this theory is now considered low or inconsistent, leading to claims that it may be fundamentally incorrect. This finding has sparked considerable media attention, with some interpreting it as a suggestion that antidepressants are ineffective and that there has been deception by pharmaceutical companies. However, it's important to approach this interpretation cautiously, as the evolution of psychiatry in the late 20th century recognized the biological dimensions of mental health, highlighting that the discussion around depression is complex and multifaceted.