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Lipid Turnover and the Triad Formation
The turnover process involving VLDL and triglycerides leads to the formation of the characteristic triad of Leem-esque responders, with high LDL, high HDL, and low triglycerides. As triglycerides are removed from VLDL core, triglyceride levels drop rapidly, causing VLDL to shrink into LDL. LDL has a longer residence time than VLDL, leading to high LDL levels. Moreover, as a sphere shrinks, its surface area decreases, and parts of the surface are picked up by HDL particles, increasing their size and cholesterol content. This explains the triad phenomenon observed. By reintroducing carbon into the system through foods like sweet potatoes, bananas, or honey, the driving force behind the lipid energy model can be reduced, resulting in a slower phenotype development.