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Understanding State Spending: The Chinese Model vs. Europe
Chinese industrial policy spending represents a significant 1.7% of GDP, outpacing similar measures in Europe and the US by a factor of three. This highlights a stark contrast with European policies, which have strict rules to prevent state-led and state-subsidized support in order to manage competition within the complex structure of the European Union. Consequently, while China leverages state funding extensively, European nations are constrained by regulations designed to avoid harmful subsidy races, showcasing divergent approaches to industrial policy.