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Divisions in the French Revolution: The Clergy and the Civil Constitution
The Civil Constitution and the Clergy stand as a pivotal moment in the French Revolution, marking a division among its supporters. The process of unifying the revolutionary cause faced significant challenges as many individuals were asked to relinquish their deeply held beliefs, particularly their religious values. The division manifested similarly to modern referenda, such as Brexit, with a notable split where 54% of priests supported the new oath, while 46% opposed it, reflecting geographical disparities. This polarization led to the emergence of a counter-revolutionary bloc, as both sides vilified the other; revolutionaries accused their opponents of upholding superstition, while loyalists saw revolutionaries as destructive fanatics. The counter-revolution posed the question of whether the revolutionary movement could have integrated the Catholic citizenry instead of driving them away. The symbolism surrounding the Declaration of the Rights of Man highlights this rift, as depicted in a painting where the declaration is represented as divine revelation rather than a human construct, suggesting an enduring clash between spiritual authority and revolutionary ideals.