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Understanding Ideology: A Spectrum Beyond Duality
The term 'ideology' has dual interpretations rooted in historical thought. Initially coined by the Enlightenment thinker Destutt de Tracy as a science of ideas, it represents a rational basis for understanding politics. In contrast, Marx later adopted the term to suggest distorted beliefs that uphold power structures, framing ideology as false consciousness. The common contemporary usage often misinterprets ideology as entirely non-cognitive for opponents while claiming one's own beliefs as rational and scientific. This perspective oversimplifies the complexity of beliefs, neglecting a more nuanced understanding derived from hermeneutics and phenomenology, which recognizes that both individual and collective ideologies influence perception and understanding.