Limitations of Planning in Insight

French scholar Frank Swagelian highlights the limitations of planning in insight by contrasting western thinking with traditional Chinese thinking. He emphasizes that planning and execution are key elements of western thinking, but they have limitations in situations involving insight, other people, and chance. Swagelian provides examples from war strategy and pedagogy to illustrate that planning can only go so far in these scenarios, where unexpected elements play a significant role and a different approach is needed for insight.