Emergence vs. Reductionism

The success of the deterministic approach in predicting outcomes like the flight of cannonballs and planetary movements fostered biological reductionism, which suggests that understanding large entities involves deciphering smaller components. While reductionism has been pivotal in scientific advances, it falls short in explaining the mind-brain relationship due to emergence. Emergence is the phenomenon where the whole formed by numerous parts surpasses the individual capabilities of its components, illustrated by the flight of an airplane despite none of its parts possessing flight capabilities independently.