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The Iron Fist of Empire and the Destruction of Israel and Judah

Tides of History

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Lessons from Ancient Coalition Against Assyria

Ancient coalitions like the one Ahab of Israel led in 853 BC could resist Assyrian power, but once disunited, they fell individually to the empire's might, resulting in mass death, destruction, and societal upheaval. Through extensive archaeological evidence and biblical texts, Israel and Judah's experiences provide insights into the struggles faced by neighboring polities like the Airmans, Moabites, and Philistines. These kingdoms' rivalries, infighting, and power struggles, along with the devastating impacts of direct Assyrian attention, mirror the broader effects of empire in that era. Israel and Judah, by reflecting these experiences, serve as a window into the consequences of empire for all peripheral polities of the time.

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Coalition such as the one including Ahab of Israel in 853 BC might withstand Assyrian might, but when the Miter kingdoms were disunited, the full force of the empire picked them off one at a time. The end result was mass death, destruction, the banishment of tens of thousands of people, the resettlement of thousands of newcomers, and a fundamentally different political and social world. The smaller kingdoms, ever more intense engagement with Assyrian power, shaped them in ways both large and small. Because of the volume of archaeological evidence and the survival of so many texts in the biblical tradition, we know far more about Israel and Judah than their many neighbors, but we have no reason to think that they were unique. In fact, their experiences shed a great deal of light on what the other peripheral polities, such as those of the Airmans, Moabites, and Philistines, were going through at the same time. We can understand their rivalries and infighting and consistent struggle for power with one another and the terrible effects of direct Assyrian attention. So in this sense, Israel and Judah speak not just to the roots of their own specific traditions, which obviously matter in and of themselves, but also as a direct window onto the impact of empire in this time and place. Israel and Judah can speak, albeit indirectly, for the others who can't do so for themselves. Chamanazar III, the king of Assyria who fought the coalition of smaller kingdoms at Carcar and 853 BC, claimed victory in that battle.

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