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The Revolutionary Sermon of the Mount and its Influence on Medieval Philosophy
The Sermon of the Mount challenges the traditional notions of exaltation by emphasizing humility, peacemaking, and mercy as the exalted virtues. This revolutionary philosophy led to a struggle between classical heroic virtues and Christian principles in the Roman world. The Middle Ages grappled with this philosophy, leading to the development of codes that emphasized mercy in combat, including offering mercy to defeated enemies and protecting non-combatants such as women, children, and priests. These laws, established by the church, were among the first international laws of the Middle Ages, making this era significant in its incorporation of mercy into its philosophy.