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99% Invisible cover image

Empire of the Sum

99% Invisible

NOTE

The Battle Between Ancient Abacus and Modern Calculator

The ancient abacus won three out of four contests against a modern calculator in a competition, due to the special skills and shortcuts of its user. The contest generated great excitement and dramatic reactions, with newspapers declaring that civilization had tottered as the abacus beat the electric calculating machine. However, the competition inspired new calculator manufacturers to improve and evolve the technology, leading to the founding of Casio by Toshio Casio, who was actually more interested in the electromechanical calculator that had lost the contest. This motivation eventually led to the shift of Casio's focus from selling finger rings with cigarette holders to building calculators, despite the initial lack of machinery and industrial base in Japan.

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