"The Cognitive Revolution" | AI Builders, Researchers, and Live Player Analysis cover image

A Brief History of Biological and Artificial Intelligence with Max Bennett

"The Cognitive Revolution" | AI Builders, Researchers, and Live Player Analysis

NOTE

Counterfactual reasoning

The neocortex's key evolutionary advantage is not superior recognition but rather its energy efficiency. This efficiency allows mammals, like rats, to pause and simulate possible futures before making decisions using vicarious trial and error. Research on rats showed that specific neurons called place cells activate in different locations of a maze, indicating the rats are mentally simulating various paths. This ability to simulate possible futures aligns with the concept of counterfactual learning, where mammals, unlike monkeys limited to trial and error learning, can evaluate alternate scenarios and adapt their behavior accordingly.

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