Disruption and Renewal Demand in Shipping and Energy Infrastructure

The shipping industry faces significant disruption as 40% of ocean shipping is dedicated to coal, oil, and gas. A reduction in these fuel sources will lead to the repurposing or scrapping of many ships and a halt in replacing aging vessels. Similarly, extensive networks of pipelines, currently misaligned with future energy needs, are unlikely to be repurposed for hydrogen transport. Additionally, the notion that mining critical minerals for clean energy is unfeasible ignores the substantial volume of materials extracted for fossil fuels and related infrastructure, which far exceeds the requirements for transitioning to alternative energy sources.