The Ethics That Guide Us Are Deep, Deeply Rooted

Ethical behavior in animals, such as rats playing fair and chimp leaders being reciprocal in their interactions, suggests that ethics guiding us are deeply rooted and not merely social constructs. Attributes leading to dominance are not solely based on brute power but also on authority, competence, and ethical responsibility. In law-abiding societies, positions of authority are heavily laden with ethical obligations, disproving the notion that male hierarchies are solely built on power.