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Predicting Counterfactuals in Quantum Measurements
In the context of quantum mechanics, if the position of a particle is measured, then the counterfactual result of measuring momentum would lie off the invariant set, and vice versa. While the actual measurement cannot be predicted, it is certain that the counterfactual variable would deviate from the invariant set. Before conducting the measurement, the freedom to choose between position and momentum exists, without constraint. Once a choice is made, the counterfactual world - imagining the result if the alternative measurement was taken - shifts off the invariant set of predictions.